pathophysiology exam one material
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Pathophysiology
🗑
|
||||
| show | Etiology
🗑
|
||||
| The "sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with the etiologic agents until the ultimate expression of a disease" (origin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | morphological changes
🗑
|
||||
| "describes the effects an illness has on a person's life" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mortality
🗑
|
||||
| Smoking is responsible for approximately ____% of all deaths in the US | show 🗑
|
||||
| High blood pressure is responsible for _____% deaths in adults | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 17
🗑
|
||||
| show | 45
🗑
|
||||
| High blood pressure (hypertension) kills ____x as many women as breast cancer | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 70
🗑
|
||||
| show | 3
🗑
|
||||
| BMI 25.0 to 29.99 ___% more likely to die during study | show 🗑
|
||||
| BMI 30.0 to 34.99 (grade 1 obesity) _____% more likely to die during study | show 🗑
|
||||
| BMI 35.0 to 39.99 (grade 2 obesity) _____% more likely to die during study | show 🗑
|
||||
| BMI > 40 (grade 3 obesity; morbid obesity) more likely to die ___% | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 18
🗑
|
||||
| _____ signaling relies on hormones carried in the bloodstream to cells throughout the body | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | paracrine
🗑
|
||||
| ______signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects its own activity (self-stimulatiing) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | synaptic
🗑
|
||||
| Movement of water across membrane- from an area of lesser concentration to area of greater concentration | show 🗑
|
||||
| gas and other substances move- from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Facilitated Diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| show | Active transport
🗑
|
||||
| show | resting membrane potential
🗑
|
||||
| show | threshold potential
🗑
|
||||
| show | depolarization
🗑
|
||||
| polarity of resting potential is reestablished | show 🗑
|
||||
| ______ is avascular, supported by basement membrane; for covering | show 🗑
|
||||
| _____: decrease in size of body bart (cell, tissues, organs) 1. due to disease, denervation, lack of endocrine stimulation, decreased nutrition, ischemia (reversible) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypertrophy
🗑
|
||||
| Increased in number of cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | metaplasia
🗑
|
||||
| show | dysplasia
🗑
|
||||
| DNA to RNA | show 🗑
|
||||
| RNA to protein | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | messenger
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ribosomal
🗑
|
||||
| show | transfer
🗑
|
||||
| genetic information stored in the base sequence triplet code | show 🗑
|
||||
| "expression of the gene"- recognizable traits physical, or biochemical associated with specific genotype | show 🗑
|
||||
| ____ refers to the manner in which the gene is expressed in the phenotype, which can range from mild to severe | show 🗑
|
||||
| ____ represents the ability of a gene to express its function (statistics in population of how many people express that gene) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | homozygotes
🗑
|
||||
| have different alleles at gene locus | show 🗑
|
||||
| _____ trait is one expressed only in a homozygous pairing (hides itself) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dominant
🗑
|
||||
| ____ is a person who is herozygous for a recessive trait and does not manifest the trait | show 🗑
|
||||
| Alternate forms of a gene at gene locus | show 🗑
|
||||
| Genetic? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | congenital and Birth Defect
🗑
|
||||
| 50% chance of transmitting disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | familial hypercholesterolemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cystic fibrosis
🗑
|
||||
| #1 ARN among African Americans? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | G6PD dificiency
🗑
|
||||
| Most common chromosome disorder? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 15-60 days (8weeks)
🗑
|
||||
| what is the product of altered cell growth? usually are classified as benign or malignant? | show 🗑
|
||||
| neoplasm that contain well-differentiated cells that are clustered together in a single mass | show 🗑
|
||||
| _____. are less well differentiated and have the ability to break loose, enter the circulatory or lymphatic system and form secondary ____ tumors at other sites | show 🗑
|
||||
| _____cells are essential or functional elements of an organ (distinguished from stroma or framework) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Papilloma
🗑
|
||||
| growth protruding from mucous membrane (common in uterus) usually benign | show 🗑
|
||||
| Something that procedes (oncogenic) | show 🗑
|
||||
| the study of tumors (sum of knowledge) | show 🗑
|
||||
| production or causation of tumors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anaplasia
🗑
|
||||
| show | doubling time
🗑
|
||||
| describe the development of a secondary tumor in a location distant from the primary tumor | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | paraneoplastic syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | grading
🗑
|
||||
| show | staging
🗑
|
||||
| show | stressor
🗑
|
||||
| show | Heat cramps
🗑
|
||||
| heat _____ increased body temperatures leading to hypothalamic responses of vasodilation and increased perspiration | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | stroke
🗑
|
||||
| As core temperature exceeds _____degrees neuroendocrine control becomes lost as tissue damage occurs (damage to hypothalamus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 105.8
🗑
|
||||
| death (neural death) with brain temperature over _____ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypothermia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mild
🗑
|
||||
| _______ hypothermia < 32.2'C down to 28'C (90-82.5'F) SX: atrial dysrhythmias, decreased HR, RR, LOC, pupils dilate, hyporeflexia | show 🗑
|
||||
| ______ hypothermia <28'C (<82.4) SX: apnea, coma, decreased to absent HR, nonreactive pupils, oliguria, pulmonary edema, dysrhythmias, death at something below 50'F | show 🗑
|
||||
| diseases that produce body dysfunction because of the presence of another living agent in or on the human body | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Commensalism
🗑
|
||||
| Some relationships are actually beneficial to both the host and parasite - bacteria in GI tract make vitamin K | show 🗑
|
||||
| Infecting organism causes damage to the host-pathogens | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | carrier state
🗑
|
||||
| show | Opportunistic pathogenicity
🗑
|
||||
| period of pathogenesis (how long until virus becomes symptomatic) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | predromal stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | acute stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | convalescent stage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Resolution
🗑
|
||||
| show | cadherins
🗑
|
||||
| show | Selectins
🗑
|
||||
| show | Integrins
🗑
|
||||
| show | Immunoglobulin Seperfamily of proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living organisms | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | liquefaction
🗑
|
||||
| show | coagulation
🗑
|
||||
| show | caseous
🗑
|
||||
| show | gangrene
🗑
|
||||
| ___ gangrene: arterial insufficiency- skin wrinkles-black-brown color, line of demarcation-never gets infected | show 🗑
|
||||
| ___ gangrene: cold, swollen, pulseless skin, moist, black and under tension (no line of demarcation- often gets infected- results from interference with venous return from part | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gene expression
🗑
|
||||
| show | induction
🗑
|
||||
| show | G1 phase
🗑
|
||||
| Dna synthesis and replication of chromosomes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | G2 phase
🗑
|
||||
| Formation of meiotic spindle and cell division with formation of two daughter cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | intermittent
🗑
|
||||
| show | remittent
🗑
|
||||
| _____fever: tempe remains above normal with minimal variations | show 🗑
|
||||
| ____fever: one or more episodes of fever (each as long as several days) with one or more days with normal temperature in between | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 100.4
🗑
|
||||
| elderly often have a lower baseline temperature- so a slight fever can indicate bad infection | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anorexia, myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue
🗑
|
||||
| -rapid- serves as a protective mechanism- occurs more in deconditioned muscles (bed rest) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Possible causes of chronic fatigue: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac response to bed rest: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | atelactasis, hypoxemia, and pneumonia
🗑
|
||||
| Urinary tract response: | show 🗑
|
||||
| acquired from hosts own microbial flora, as in an opportunistic infections | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | exogenous
🗑
|
||||
| inanimate objects that carry an infectious agent | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | congenital infections
🗑
|
||||
| passed from animals to humans | show 🗑
|
||||
| develop while in hospital | show 🗑
|
||||
| acquired outside of health care facilities | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | symptomatology
🗑
|
||||
| Do not contain proteins, not actively released from bacteria, composed of lipids, and polysaccharides, no enzymatic activity | show 🗑
|
||||
| contain proteins released from bacterial cell during growth; enzymatically inactive or modify key cellular constituents leading to cell death and dysfunction | show 🗑
|
||||
| site to which microorganisms adhere | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ligands or adhesions
🗑
|
||||
| ligands that bind to specific carbohydrates | show 🗑
|
||||
| encodes for many of the components of the complement system and play an important role in the innate immunity process | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | HLA
🗑
|
||||
| early (almost immediate) reaction of local tissues and their blood vessels to injury | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | chemotaxis
🗑
|
||||
| produce anti platelet and antithrombotic agents that maintain vessels latency and vasodilators and vasoconstrictors that regulate blood flow | show 🗑
|
||||
| cell fragments circulating in the blood that are involved in the cellular mechanisms of primary hemostasis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| show | eosinophils
🗑
|
||||
| contain histamine and other mediators of inflammation, bind IgE by plasma cells through receptors on there cells surface | show 🗑
|
||||
| contain functioning cells of an organ or body part | show 🗑
|
||||
| consists of supporting connective tissue, blood volume, ECM and nerve fibers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | labile cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | stable cells
🗑
|
||||
| cannot undergo mitotic division- fibrous scar | show 🗑
|
||||
| begins at time of injury with formation of blood clot and the migration of phagocytic WBC into wound site: first cello to arrive are neutrophils then macrophages | show 🗑
|
||||
| focus on the building of new tissue to fill wound space, key cells is fibroblast which secrete collagen and other things needed for wound healing; also produce growth factors which initiate angiogensis (growth of new blood vessel) | show 🗑
|
||||
| occurs 3 weeks, after injury with development of a fibrous scar, decreased vascularity and continuous remodeling of scar tissue by simultaneous synthesis of collage by fibroblast and lysis increased tensile strength | show 🗑
|
||||
| _______ reactions have IgE mediated reactions that develop rapidly upon exposure to an antigen, represents the classic allergic response: antigens are referred to as allergens in this context | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Oligodendrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| show | astrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| show | microglial
🗑
|
||||
| ependymal cell- forms the lining of neural tube cavity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | satellite cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | schwann cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | first
🗑
|
||||
| ____ order neurons; communicate with various networks (directly to thalamus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | third
🗑
|
||||
| show | histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinins
🗑
|
||||
| show | neutrophils, macrophages, and lysosomal enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Infl. mediators of chemotaxis, WBC attracted to bacteria | show 🗑
|
||||
| Infla. mediators for pain: | show 🗑
|
||||
| inflammation mediators of fever: | show 🗑
|
||||
| inflammation mediators of leukocytosis: | show 🗑
|
||||
| _____exudate: water, low in protein | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fibrinous
🗑
|
||||
| show | membranous
🗑
|
||||
| ____exudate: contains pus, abscess vs. cellulitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| ____ exudate: blood | show 🗑
|
||||
| ____exudate: combination of serous and blood | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| show | swelling
🗑
|
||||
| show | tissue swelling and release of chemical mediators
🗑
|
||||
| Cellular response: ____ ready to leave vascular system | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cellular response:______ into tissue spaces | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cellular response:______ positive (attracts WBC) or negative (repel WBC) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | phagocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| Type __ allergic response: IgE mediated, allergic conditions that usually have familial predisposition | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 2
🗑
|
||||
| show | III
🗑
|
||||
| show | IV
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Jessieevargas