seventh grade biology ecology vocab
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| ecology | study of the interactions between organisms and their environment
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| biotic | the living part of the environment
living organisms
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| abiotic | the parts of the environment that are non-living
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| environment | made up of biotic and abiotic parts
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| organisms | anything that can independently carry out life processes
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| population | a group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time
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| community | all the populations of different species that live in and interact in an area
all biotic factors
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| ecosystem | a community of organisms and their nonliving environment
both biotic and abiotic
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| biosphere | the part of the Earth where life exists
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| autotrophs/producers | organisms that make their food using sunlight or chemicals
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| heterotrophs/consumers | organisms that eat other organisms to get food
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| herbivore | eats only plants
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| carnivore | eats only meat
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| omnivore | eats both plants and meat
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| scavenger | animal that feeds on bodies of dead organisms
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| decomposer | organism that gets energy from decomposed organisms like mushrooms and bacteria
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| food chain | shows the way energy flows from one organism to the next
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| food web | shows many energy pathways in an ecosystem
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| energy pyramid | a representation of energy lost at each level of the food chain
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| habitat | environment an organism lives in
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| niche | an organism's way of life in its ecosystem
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| limiting factors | populations cannot grow indefinitely because the environment contains only so much food, water, living space and other needed resources
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| carrying capacity | the largest population that a given environment can support over a long period of time.
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| competition | two or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resources such as food, water, shelter, space, sunlight
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| predator | organisms that eat the prey
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| prey | organism that is eaten
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| symbiosis | a close, long-term association between two or more species
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| mutualism | both organisms benefit
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| commensalisms | one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
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| parasitism | one organism benefits while the other is harmed
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| coevolution | a long-term change that takes place in two species because of their close interactions with one another
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