Aerobic and Anaerobic Biochemistry
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| What is the difference between External Respiration and Cellular Respiration? | External respiration involves the breathing in of oxygen and the breathing out of carbon dioxide. Cellular respiration involves the reactions in which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy for cell metabolism.
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| Differentiate between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration. | Anaerobic respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen which releases small amounts of energy. Aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen and releases a large amount of energy.
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| What happens during glycolysis? | A 6 carbon molecule of glucose is broken into two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvates. This process costs 2 ATP but releases 4 ATP giving a net gain of 2 ATP.
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| What happens after glycolysis in anaerobic respiration? | The pruvates are broken down into carbon dioxide and alcohol or into carbon dioxide and lactic acid depending on the organism,
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| Give 3 industrial uses of Anaerobic Respiration: | 1: The release of carbon dioxide by yeast during anaerobic respiration is used to make bread rise as it bakes and to produce alcohol for drinks. Bacteria produce lactic acid during anaerobic respiration and this is used to turn milk into yoghurt.
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| In the experiment "the anaerobic respiration of yeast", how do we know when anaerobic respiration has stopped? How do we test for the products? | The experiment has stopped when we no longer see bubbles of gas being produced. We test for alcohol using potassium dichromate. It changes colour from orange to green. As the carbon dioxide gas bubbles through the testube the limewater present goes cloudy
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| How do we ensure there is no oxygen in the experiment? | We use cooled boiled water to remove any oxygen and pour a layer of oil over the water to prevent oxygen from entering.
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| What control would you use for the anaerobic respiration of yeast experiment? | You would use a set up with no yeast added as a control.
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| What is the industrial name for anaerobic respiration? What enzyme in yeast is responsible for this process? | Fermentation. Zymase found in yeast is responsible for the conversion of glucose to alcohol and carbon dioxide.
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| What negative effect does lactic acid have in humans? | A build up of lactic acid in our muscles from anaerobic respiration causes cramp.
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| What is the first stage of aerobic respiration? Where does it take place? Does it require oxygen? | Glycolosis is the first stage of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the cytosol. It does not require oxygen. It produces two 3 carbon pyruvates releasing 4 ATP but costing 2 ATP, giving a net gain of 2 ATP.
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| What happens after glycolysis in aerobic respiration? | The pyruvates react with oxygen to produce a 2 carbon compound called an acetyl group and a molecule of Carbon Dioxide. The acetyl group now bonds with a co-enzyme to form acetyl co-enzyme A which bring the acetyl group to the second stage.
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| What is the second stage of aerobic respiration? Where does it take place? Does it require oxygen? | The second stage is called the Krebs Cycle. It takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. It does require oxygen.
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| What happens in Krebs Cycle? | Acetyl co-enzyme A is broken down into carbon dioxide and protons. This breakdown releases energy in the form of high energy electrons. These electrons are picked up by the energy carrier NADH. The NADH now enters the electron transport system.
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| Where is the electron transport system found? What happens in the electron transport system? | The high energy electrons from NADH are passed from molecule to molecule losing energy.This energy is captured by the conversion of ADP into ATP. The low energy electron. These electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen to form water.
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| Where is the electron transport system found? | It is found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
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