IV fluid administration
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| Dehydration sometimes produces | hypo-tension and tachycardia
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| Fluid overload often results | in hypertension and bounding pulses
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| sites to exclude for very young and older adult (these patients have fragile veins and this site may be easily bumped) | The dorsal surface of the hand
Areas of venous valves or bifurcation
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| sites to exclude | infected site redness, tenderness, warmth at site/presence of exudate.Veins on ventral surface of the wrist,Veins in the antecubital fossa (bend)sites distal to previous vein puncture site (insertion needs to be proximal to compromise area)
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| ISOTONIC | have the same osmolality as body fluids and are used most often to replace extracellular (intravascular) volume (e.g., simple dehydration after prolonged vomiting)
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| HYPO-TONIC | have an osmolality less than body fluids and are used most often to hydrate cells (e.g., hypertonic dehydration, required water replacement)
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| HYPER-TONIC | have an osmolality greater than body fluids and are used most often to increase extracellular fluid volume (e.g., replace electrolytes, treat shock)
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| Potassium chloride should never be given by | IV push or added to a small volume of IV solution.
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| Potassium chloride is administered | orally or as a premixed IV additive by pharmacy or the manufacturer in a larger volume of IV fluids.
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| Verify that the patient has adequate renal perfusion (i.e., at least 30 mL/hr urine output for adults) before administering | IV fluids containing potassium chloride.
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| Infusion of blood products requires a | blood administration set, which contains an in-line filter.
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| Dextrose 5% in water* Isotonic D5W Dextrose 10% in water Hyper-tonic D10W Dextrose 50% in water Hyper-tonic D50W |
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| Saline Solutions 0.45% sodium chloride (half normal saline) 0.33% sodium chloride (one-third normal saline) 0.9% sodium chloride† (normal saline) 3% sodium chloride 5% sodium chloride | Hypo tonic ½ NS, 0.45% NS
Hypo tonic ⅓ NS
Isotonic NS, 0.9% N, S 0.9% NaCl
Hyper tonic 3% NS
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| Catheter Size (gauge)14, 16, 18 20 22 | 14,16,18 Trauma, surgery, blood transfusion
20Cont. or intermittent infusions,blood transfusion
22Continuous or intermittent infusions, children
and elderly patients; administration of blood or
blood products in pediatrics and neonates
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| catheter size 24-26 Butterfly needle (scalp vein needle) | 24-26Fragile veins for intermittent or continuous
infusions; administration of blood or blood
products in pediatrics or neonates
butterfly-Administration of IV fluids in infants
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| solution given rapidly needs to be infused with | macro drip tubing, which delivers large drops (standard drop size is 10 or 15 gtt per mL, depending on the manufacturer).
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| Tourniquets are used to reduce | venous return and cause distention in the veins where an IV catheter will be inserted
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| The veins of older patients are more fragile, and therefore a _________ __________ ________ may be used instead. | blood pressure cuff
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| In infants, ______ _____ may be used because they are smaller than tourniquets. | rubber bands
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| Because tourniquets can be a source of contamination, ________ ______ products are preferred. | single-use
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| A 40-year-old patient is to have an IV started per-operatively. Which catheter would be most appropriate for this patient? | 16- to 18-gauge
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| The use of the _______ for an IV site is common with children but is contraindicated in adults because of the danger of thrombophlebitis. | foot
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| 18 gauge Adult patient scheduled for major surgery 22 gauge Older adult requiring IV medications butterfly Infant requiring IV fluids 20 gaugeYoung adult requiring fluid maintenance |
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