Cell structure and ultra-structure
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is a cell? | A cell is the smallest living part of an organism which exhibits all the characteristics of life.
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| What are the two main classification of cells? | Plant and Animal cells.
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| Describe the appearance and function of the nucleus | The nucleus contains the nucleolus. This controls the cell. The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. Materials enter the nucleus through the nuclear pore. The Nucleus contains all the DNA of the cell.
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| Describe the appearance and function of the cytoplasm | This is a water like substance which provides a medium for all the cells metabolic reactions.
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| Describe the appearance and function of the cell membrane | The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane which controls entry and exit from the cell. It is made up of a lipid bi-layer. Transport proteins act as doorways in this bi-layer.
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| Comment on the structure and function of the cell wall | The cell wall is only found in plan t cells. It is made up of cellulose. It provides structure and support for the cell. Unlike the cell membrane the cell wall is completely permeable.
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| What is the function of the vacoule? | The vacoule stores food, usually in the form of starch in the cell.
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| What is the magnification of a light microscope if the eyepiece has a power of x10 and the objective lens has a power of x40? | 10 x 40 = 400 magnification
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| What stain is used in the viewing of plant cells and animal cells? | Plant cell = iodine Animal cell = methylene blue
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| Where do we get a sample of plant cell and animal cells for inspection? | Onion. Cheek cells
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| What does SEM stand for? | Scanning Electron Microscope
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| What is the function of the mitochondria? What is unusual about its DNA? | Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They release energy during cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own form of DNA separate from the nucleus.
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| What is the function of ribosomes? | Ribosomes are responsible for the production of proteins and enzymes. They do this by combining a sequence of amino acids together.
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| What is the function of chloroplasts? | Chloroplasts are the green structures in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
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| What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? | Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and cell organelles which are enclosed by membranes.
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