Biology
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| Define True Breeding | if an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed in to its offspring, we sat that this organism bred true with repect to that characteristic.
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| Define Allele | one of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes.
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| Define Genotype | two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait.
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| Define Phenotype | the observable expression of an organism's genes.
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| Define Homozygous Genotype | a genotype in which both alleles are identical.
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| Define Heterozygous Genotype | a genotype with two different alleles
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| Define Dominant Allele | an allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
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| Define Recessive Allele | an allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
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| Define Mendel's Principles of Genetics | 1. the traits of an organism are determined by its genes 2. Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait. 3.each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its alleles to its offspring. 4. In each genotype, there is a dominant allele.
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| Define Pedigree | a diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations
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| Define Monohybrid Cross | a cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
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| Define Dihybrid Cross | a cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits
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| Define Autosomes | chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual
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| Define Sex Chromosomes | chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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| Define Antigen | a protein that, when introduced in the bloood, triggers the production of an antibody
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| Define Autosomal Inheritance | inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosomes
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| Define Genetic Disease Carrier | a person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder
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| Define Sex-linked Inheritance | inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chomosome
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| Define Mutation | an abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents
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| Define Change in Chromosome Structure | a situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis
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| Define Change in Chromosome Number | a situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete of more than one chromosome in the gamete
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| What process causes gamete to have only on allele? | meiosis
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| In the case of fruit fly eye color again, what must be the genotype of a male fly if, when crossed with a heterozygous female, there is no possibility of having a female with white eyes? | female= XXmale= XrY
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| if a gamete has two alleles for the same genetic trait, what type of genetic disorder will result in a zygote formed with this gamete? | Change in chromosome number
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| A person carries a genetic disorder but does not have the disorder. How is that possible? | They have the recessive gene of the disease
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| Do sex-linked genetic disorder affect men and women the same? if not, which is affected more than and why? | No, because men have only one allele in sex-linked traits
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| Two individuals have the exact same genotype for a certain trait, but they are not identical when it comes to that trait. How is the possible? | while the genetics are the same, the environmental and spiritual factors were probably different
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| What term fo we use to refer to genetic traits that are governed by more than one set of genes? | polygenetic inheritance
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| If a person has type-B blood, what are the possible genotypes for that reason? Include the possible genotypes related both to the type blood as well as the Rh-factor. | BO, BB
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