Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous Sys -MS, Alzheimers, Parkinson's, MG/meds
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| What is Multiple Sclerosis(MS)? | chronic, progressive, degenerative neurologic disease that affects the many people .
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| What causes MS? | cause is unknown, although genetics have been implicated, since there is a higher rate of the disease among relatives.
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| Patients with the first s/s of MS are thought to have a proliferation of what type of certain immune cell in their spinal fluid? | gamma delta T cells.
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| A defective _________ __________ also seems to have an important role in the pathology of MS. | immune response
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| When do the onset of s/s usually occur in MS? | between 15 and 50 years of age. Women are affected more often then men.
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| The highest number of people with MS live where? | Great Lakes area, Pacific Northwest, and North Atlantic states.
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| MS is 5 times more prevalent in temperature climates between ___ and ___ degress of latitude. | 45, 66
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| Multiple foci of ___________ are distributed randomly in the white matter of the brainstem, the spinal cord, optic nerves and the __________. | demyelination, cerebrum
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| During the demyelination process, the myelin sheath and sheath cells are what? resulting in? | destroyed, causing an interruption or distortion of the nerve impluse so that it is slowed or blocked.
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| Onset of clinical manifestations of MS? | inisidious and gradual, with vague symptoms that occur intermittently over months or years, thus the disease may not be dx until long after the onset of the first symptoms.
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| S/S of MS? | visual problems, UI, fatigue, weakness, or incoordination of an extremity, sexual problems (impotence/men), swallowing difficulties.
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| Majority of people have what that lasts for a year or more? | early remission
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| Exacerbations of MS may be related to what? | fatigue, chilling, or emotional disturbances.
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| With repeated exacerbation what occurs? | progressive scarring of he mylein sheath and the overall trend is progressive deterioration in neurologic function.
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| Subjective data for MS. | pt understanding of disease. diplopia, scotomata(spots before the eyes, blindness may be present. Weakness, or numbness of a part of a body, fatigue, emotional instability, bowel/bladder probs, vertigo, LOS in joints. Ataxia, pain not common.
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| Objective data for MS. | nystagmus, muscle weakness and spasms, changes in coordination, or a spastic ataxic gait,. Ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia. Behavior changes such as euphoria, emotional liability, or mild depression. UI and intention tremors of upper extremeties.
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| Diagnostic Testing for MS. | based primarily on history and clinical manifestations and presence of multiple lesions over time as measured by MRI. Exam of CSF. CT Scan.
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| Meds see page 1917 | See page 1917
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| Nursing Interventions for MS. | a well balanced diet with high fiber foods and adequate fluids. Avoid skin impairment, encourage pt w/ MS to exercise regularly but not to the point of exhaustion. Water exercise is especially beneficial type of Pt and gives pt more control over body.
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| Nrsg Interventions cont. | * daily rest periods, should avoid hot btahs because they often increase weakness. Summer travel should be planned during the coolest part of the day. Pt do best in peaceful and relaxed environments.
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| Pt Teaching for MS. | very important especially during the late stages where the family will be taking care of pt with MS. Stress importance of spacing activities and avoiding extreme tempertaures and potential for emotional labilty. Family has support group as well.
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| What is the average life expectancy for patient's after the onset of symptoms of MS? | 25 years
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| What is Parkinson's Disease? | syndrome that consists of a slowing down in the initiation and execution of movement(bradykinesia), increased muscle tone (rigidity), tremor, and impaired postural reflexes.
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| Who is Parkinson's Disease named after and why? | a form of parkinsonism is named after James Parkinson who in 1817 wrote a classic essay on "shaking palsy" a disease whose cause is still unknown today.
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