Pharmacology 01
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| Controlled substances | defined by the Harrison Act (A federal law passed in 1916 that regulated the manufacture/importation/ transportation/distribution of all “narcotics ” defined by the act)
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| Narcotics | an agent capable of producing coma or stupor OR any drug which produces analgesia and is capable of producing stupor OR the sale and use of drugs that are regulated by the Harrison Narcotic Act
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| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration
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| FDA | Food and Drug Administration
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| The Joint Commission | accrediting and certification body for healthcare organizations
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| OTC | Over-The-Counter
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| PDR | Physicians' Desk Reference
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| USP-NF | United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF)
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| Side effect | any effect of a drug
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| Solubility | the amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent
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| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent)
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| Suspension | the state of a substance when its particles are mixed with but undissolved in a fluid or solid
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| Synergist | A mutually reinforcing drug interaction such that the joint effect of two drugs administered simultaneously is greater than the sum of their individual effects
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| Systemic effect | affecting the whole body or at least multiple organ systems (contrast with topical or local)
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| Topical | medication that is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments
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| Indication | a reason to prescribe a medication or perform a treatment
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| Local effect | only affecting a particular location of the body (often anesthesia)
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| Onset | the time required after administration of a drug for a response to be observed
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| Parenteral | Taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract (as by intravenous or intramuscular injection)
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| Pharmacodynamics | the study of how a drug acts on a living organism (pharmacologic response and the duration and magnitude of response observed relative to the concentration of the drug at an active site in the organism)
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| Pharmacokinetics | The process by which a drug is absorbed/distributed/metabolized/eliminated by the body
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| Plasma protein binding | A drug's efficiency may be affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within blood plasma (less bound = more efficiently traverse cell membranes or diffuse
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| Reconstituted | The process of adding a diluent to a powdered medication to prepare a solution or suspension
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| Contraindication | A factor that renders the administration of a drug or the carrying out of a medical procedure inadvisable
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| Distribution | the reversible transfer of drug from one location to another within the body
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| Duration | the length of time that particular drug is effective
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| Emulsion | A suspension of small globules of one liquid in a second liquid with which the first will not mix
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| Enteral | Within or by way of the intestine (as distinguished from parenteral)
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| Excretion | any one of a number of processes by which a drug is eliminated from an organism either in an unaltered form (unbound molecules) or modified as a metabolite
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| Hypersensitivity | The physiological state necessary for a subject’s manifesting an allergic response or reaction
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| Idiosyncratic effect | A reaction to a medication that is unusual and unpredictable (specific to a particular person)
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| Absorption | The process by which a drug enters the body and is available for therapeutic activity (uptake of material across a surface)
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| Adverse effect | An unwanted effect caused by the administration of a drug
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| Agonist | A substance (drug/hormone/neurotransmitter) that binds with a cell receptor to initiate a physiological response
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| Antagonist | a drug that binds to a cellular receptor for a hormone/neurotransmitter/another drug blocking the action of that substance without producing any physiological effect itself
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| Bioavailability | the rate and extent to which a drug is available to serve as a substrate to bind to a specific molecule or participate in biochemical reactions in a target tissue after administration
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| Biotechnology | the use of living organisms or other biological systems in the manufacture of drugs or for environmental management
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| Biotransformation | the alteration of a substance (such as a drug) within the body
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| Bolus | a single dose of a drug or other medicinal preparation given all at once
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Created by:
L.Long
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