Plate Tectonics Vocab 8th Gr.
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| Plate Tectonic Theory | Theory that the lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that slowly move on top of the asthenosphere
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| lithosphere | Cool, rigid, outermost layer of Earth that is divided into enormous pieces called tectonic plates; consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle
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| asthenosphere | the upper part of the mantle below the lithosphere. It is made of partially molten rock.
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| convection currents | a circular or cyclical motion that occurs because of heat causing density differences in the mantle; the engine for plate movement.
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| Continental Drift | Theory that the continents were once all connected but have moved apart in the last 250 million years
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| fossils | impressions of organisms left in rock layers that indicate the organisms once lived in the area
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| sea floor spreading evidence | a parallel pattern of rock material found at identical locations on each side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge reveals rock of the same geologic age and magnetic polarity
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| divergent boundary | the boundary between two tectonic plates moving away from each other; on land it creates rift valleys, on the sea floor it creates new ocean crust and mountainous ridges
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| subduction | the process in which a denser plate is pushed downward beneath a less dense plate when plates converge; occurs at continental to oceanic boundaries and oceanic to oceanic boundaries
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| convergent boundary | the boundary between two tectonic plates moving toward each other; results in volcanic activity when an ocean plate subducts, or moves below, a continental plate or another oceanic plate
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| transform boundary | the boundary between two plates that slide sideways past one another; creates sudden shifts that result in earthquakes and the release of stored energy
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| convergent boundary, continental to continental | continental plates of equal density converge; creates tall mountains
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| ocean trench | deep and narrow depressions in the seafloor where the subducted plate moves down into the asthenosphere
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| atmosphere | the layer of air all around Earth
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| hydrosphere | the water all around Earth
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| biosphere | the living things all around Earth
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| volcanic eruptions | events in which molten rock spews out from the mantle to the surface of Earth as ash, lava, and gases
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| mountain building | major geological even that occurs when continental plates of equal density converge and are pushed up
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| spreading ridges | ridges formed from magma creating new crustal material at diverging oceanic plate boundaries
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| earthquakes | major geological events that occur at ALL types of plate boundaries when the plates shift suddenly and release stored energy
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| oceanic | the type of crustal material that is thinner and denser
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| continental | the type of crustal material that is thicker and less dense
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| density | the amount of matter (mass) packed into a given volume
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| tectonic plates | huge pieces of Earth's lithosphere that move slowly on the asthenosphere. They meet at "boundaries."
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