Vocab on Narratives and Shakespeare Plays
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| Narrative | Type of literature with a plot and characters. May be real or fictional. Novels are long narratives; short stories are short narratives. Narratives can be further sub-divided into genres such as fantasy and etc. based on specific traits or qualities.
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| Plot | All the events in a story or narrative; the series of events in a story.
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| Plot elements | Breakdown of the 5 parts of the story into exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. These subdivisions or sections are found in all narratives.
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| Exposition | Earliest part of a story; exposes information about the characters, setting, conflict, and narrative style.
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| Rising Action | Largest part of a story; includes various attempts to solve the conflict and complications.
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| Climax | The turning point in the story-signified by a change in thinking and/or a shift in power.
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| Falling Action | Generally short section of a story where events begin to wind down after the turning point.
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| Resolution | The final portion of a story in which the action comes to a close since the conflict has been resolved.
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| Characters | Beings in a story causing the action and events.
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| Protagonist | Major character(s) attempting to solve the conflict in the story; major-dynamic character who works through conflict(s) in a story.
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| Antagonist | Major character(s) causing or contributing to the conflict in the story.
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| Major Character | Being having a significent or major impact on the plot (events) of the story.
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| Minor Character | Being having little or no impact on the plot (events) of the story.
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| Round Character | Realistic, memorable beings that come to life on the page through association adn description.
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| Flat Character | Vague, generic, or forgettable beings that fade into the background of the story.
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| Static Character | Being that stays the same (constant) in thinking or feeling throughout a story; a non-changing character or being.
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| Dynamic Character | Being that grows and changes emotionally, spiritually, or psychologically due to experiences and events within the story.
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| Characterization | Process of bringing characters to life on the page through description, dialogue, & action.
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| Direct Characterization | Information about a character which is explicitly stated in the text by the author.
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| Indirect Characterization | Information pieced together or inferred about a character through the reader's perception or interpretation.
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| Conflict | 1) Central or main problem in a story.
2) A struggle between opposing forces.
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| Inciting Incident | The event or occurrence revealing the central problem to the reader or audience.
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| Types of Conflict | Internal- A struggle or problem within a character; the protagonist struggles within self.
External- A struggle or problem caused for protagonist by an outside force.
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| Categories of Conflict | One of four categories which best describes the nature of the main problem:
Character vs. Character [external]
Character vs. Self [internal]
Character vs. Environment [external]
Character vs. Society [external]
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| Narrative Style / Narration / Point-of-View | How the story is being told. The point-of-view from which the story is told.
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| 1st Person P.O.V. | A character within the story relates events as the "I" or 1st person narrator.
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| 2nd Person P.O.V. | Someone outsid the story dictates action to YOU the reader as if you were part of the story.
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| 3rd Person P.O.V. | Someone from outside the story relates events as they unfold.
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| 3rd Person Omniscient P.O.V. | An all-knowing third person narrator reveals all events and all characters fellings and thoughts.
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| 3rd Person Limited Omniscient | An all-knowing, but limited third person narrator reveals all events, but only specific character's feelings and thoughts.
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| Theme | A message, big idea, or statement about life developed through the story by the author.
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| Mood | feeling or emotion developed through a scene or an entire story, often developedthrough the setting, action, and word choice.
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| Tone | An attitude or position a writer deliberately displays toward a topic or character, which is often developed through word choice, biased information, and/or omission of key facts.
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| Literary Devices | Specific writing techniques used by writers to enhance or influence meaning.
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| Forshadowing | Hints or clues provided to the reader about events yet to come in a story.
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| Symbolism | Object or concept represents something other than itself. Metaphorical representation.
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| Personification | Process of giving human qualities to non-human objects.
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| Denotation | Use of the literal or dictionary definition of a word; literal or basic meaning.
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| Connotation | Use of the emotionally-charged, metaphorical, sarcastic, or satirical meaning of a word.
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| Irony | A contradiction; something with an unexpected, unintended or double meaning.
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| Types of Irony | Verbal, Situational, Dramatic
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| Verbal Irony | Contradiction between what is said or stated and what is meant or inteded.
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| Siuational Irony | Contradiction between appearance and reality. A situation appears to be one way, but is really something quite different.
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| Dramatic Irony | Contradiction between what the audience/reader knows and what certain characters in the story know to be true.
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| Play / Drama | Type of literature to be performed on a stage before an audience.
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| Playwright | Person who writes a play; author of a play (compare to poet, novelist, essayist).
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| Tragedy | A drama in which one or more main characters experience a tremendous misfortune or downfall.
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| Morality Play | A drama, which focuses upon social problems or a breackdown in society in order to convey values and moral insights; morality plays often end with justice being served.
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| Dramatic Structure/Format/Organization | How a play is organized.
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| Cast of Characters | List of characters in the play, usually found at beginning of script and generally organized in order of appearance or importance.
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| Act | Large division in a play, seperating the action into specific segments.
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| Scene | Smaller division found within an act.
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| Lines | Words Actors say on stage.
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| Line #'s | Reference indicators numbering the lines within a scene (usually by 5's).
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| Stage Direction | Written instructions for actors indicating how to move or speack on stage [italicized].
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| Blocking | Process of planning and choreographing movements on stage.
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| Props | Objects used by actors on stage.
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| Upstaging | Distraction pulling the audience's attention away from the intended action of the play; one actor deliberately or inadvertnetly draws attention away from another actor.
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| Prologue | Narrative at beginning of a play which sets the scene and explains what has happened prior to the start of the action; it may foreshadow or explain events to come (prologues can also be found in novels). Comes before exposition.
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| Epilogue | Narrative explaining events that occurred after the resolution of the story (epilogues are often found at the end of novels).
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| Aside | Quiet, secondary conversation on stage, generally directed to one other character so other characters will not hear; must be lound enough for audience.
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| Monologue | A lengthy speech delivered by one character to other characters on stage.
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| Soliloquy | A lengthy speech delivered by one character to the audience to convey that character's thoughts and feelings. Character is generally alone on stage.
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| Kinsman | Uncle or cousin-always male.
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| Verse | Poetry.
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| Lines-Beat | Meter.
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| Prose | Anything written in sentance and paragraph form.
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| Pun | Play on words using sounds or meanings.
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| Allusion | Reference to something important or well known.
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| Dramatic Foil | 2 characters in the same scene, one reflects the opposing views of the other.
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| Simile | Comparison using like or as.
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| Iambic Pentameter | 10 syllables per line.
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