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Earth/Sun/Moon

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Term
Definition
Rotation   The spinning motion of a planet about its axis. All planets/moons rotate.  
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Axis   Imaginary line passing through the Earth's center and poles  
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Earth's Rotation Causes...   Day and night. It takes 24 hours to make a complete rotation on Earth.  
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Revolution   The movement of one object around another.  
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Revolution of Planets   All planets in our solar system revolve around the Sun.  
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Revolution of Moons   All Moons revolve around their Planet.  
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Gravity   The attractive force between two objects depends on mass and distance.  
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Inertia   The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place unless acted upon by another object.  
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Orbit   The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.  
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Latitude   The measurement of distance from the Equator.  
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Solstice   The two days of the year at which the sun is directly overhead, at either 23.5 degrees North or 23.5 degrees South.  
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Equinox   Two days of the year on which either hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.  
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Vernal Equinox   The day of the year that marks the beginning of Spring in the Northern Hemisphere.  
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Autumnal Equinox   The day of the year that marks the beginning of Fall in the Northern Hemisphere.  
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Astronomy   The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.  
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Phase   One of the different shapes of the Moon as seen from Earth.  
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Eclipse   The partial or total blocking of one object by another.  
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Solar Eclipse   The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and Earth.  
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Lunar Eclipse   The blocking of sunlight to the Moon that occurs when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.  
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Umbra   The darkest part of a shadow.  
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Penumbra   The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part.  
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Tide   The rise and fall of water levels in the ocean.  
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Spring Tide   A tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides.  
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Neap Tide   A tide with the least difference between low and high tides.  
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Satellite   Any object that revolves around another object in space.  
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Geosynchronous Orbit   The orbit of a satellite that revolves around Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates.  
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Telescope   A device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.  
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Crater   A round pit on the Moon's surface.  
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Maria   Dark, flat regions on the Moon's surface.  
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Newton's 1st Law (Law of Inertia)   An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.  
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Newton's 2nd Law   F = m * a (Force = mass * acceleration)  
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Newton's 3rd Law   For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.  
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