Pulmonary
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| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | form of pulmonary edema that is caused by fluid accumulation in the interstitial space w/in the lungs
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| apnea | absence of breathing
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| asphyxia | decrease in the amount of oxygen and an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide as a result of respiration interference
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| bradypnea | slow respiration
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| carbaminohemoglobin | hemoglobin with carbon dioxide bound
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| carboxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin with carbon monoxide bound
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| carina | point at which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform ventilation
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| cor pulmonale | hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disorders of the lung
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| crepitus | crackling sounds
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| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin caused by reduced hemoglobin in the blood
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| deoxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin w/o oxygen
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| diaphoresis | sweatiness
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| diffusion | movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
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| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing
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| flail chest | one or more ribs fractured in two or more places, creating an unattached rib segment
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| free radicals | molecules, atoms, or ions with an odd number of electrons that can be formed through interaction with oxygen and can cause damage to body cells
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| hemoglobin | oxygen-bearing molecule in the red blood cells
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| hemoptysis | expectoration of blood from the respiratory tree
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| hemothorax | collection of blood in the pleural space
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| hyperoxia | higher than normal oxygen levels
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| hypoxia | state in which insufficient oxygen is available to meet the oxygen requirements of the cells
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| nasal flaring | excessive widening of the nares with respiration
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| normoxia | normal levels of oxygen
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| orthopnea | difficulty breathing while lying supine
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| oxidative stress | damage to body cells and tissues caused by the presence of free radicals
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| oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin with oxygen bound
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| pallor | paleness
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| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | sudden episode of difficult breathing that occurs after lying down
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| perfusion | circulation of blood through the capillaries
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| pH | potential of hydrogen; a measure of acidity or alkalinity; WNL 7.35 - 7.45
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| pleuritic | sharp tearing pain
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| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural space causing a loss in negative pressure that binds the lung to the chest wall.
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| polycythemia | excess of red blood cells
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| positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) | method of holding the alveoli open by increasing expiratory pressure
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| reactive oxygen species (ROS) | free radicals
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| respiration | exchange of gases b/w living organism and its environment
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| spontaneous pneumothorax | a pneumothorax that occurs spontaneously, in absence of blunt/penetrating trauma
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| subcutaneous emphysema | presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue
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| surfactant | compound secreted by the lungs that contributes to the elastic properties of the pulmonary tissues
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| tachycardia | rapid heart rate, greater than 100 bpm
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| tachypnea | rapid respiration
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| tactile fremitus | vibratory tremors felt through the chest by palpation
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| tracheal deviation | any position of the trachea other than midline
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| tracheal tugging | retraction of the tissues of the neck due to airway obstrutiction or dyspnea
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| ventilation | mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs
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