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Paramedic Care
Pulmonary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | form of pulmonary edema that is caused by fluid accumulation in the interstitial space w/in the lungs |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| asphyxia | decrease in the amount of oxygen and an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide as a result of respiration interference |
| bradypnea | slow respiration |
| carbaminohemoglobin | hemoglobin with carbon dioxide bound |
| carboxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin with carbon monoxide bound |
| carina | point at which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform ventilation |
| cor pulmonale | hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disorders of the lung |
| crepitus | crackling sounds |
| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin caused by reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
| deoxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin w/o oxygen |
| diaphoresis | sweatiness |
| diffusion | movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| flail chest | one or more ribs fractured in two or more places, creating an unattached rib segment |
| free radicals | molecules, atoms, or ions with an odd number of electrons that can be formed through interaction with oxygen and can cause damage to body cells |
| hemoglobin | oxygen-bearing molecule in the red blood cells |
| hemoptysis | expectoration of blood from the respiratory tree |
| hemothorax | collection of blood in the pleural space |
| hyperoxia | higher than normal oxygen levels |
| hypoxia | state in which insufficient oxygen is available to meet the oxygen requirements of the cells |
| nasal flaring | excessive widening of the nares with respiration |
| normoxia | normal levels of oxygen |
| orthopnea | difficulty breathing while lying supine |
| oxidative stress | damage to body cells and tissues caused by the presence of free radicals |
| oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin with oxygen bound |
| pallor | paleness |
| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | sudden episode of difficult breathing that occurs after lying down |
| perfusion | circulation of blood through the capillaries |
| pH | potential of hydrogen; a measure of acidity or alkalinity; WNL 7.35 - 7.45 |
| pleuritic | sharp tearing pain |
| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural space causing a loss in negative pressure that binds the lung to the chest wall. |
| polycythemia | excess of red blood cells |
| positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) | method of holding the alveoli open by increasing expiratory pressure |
| reactive oxygen species (ROS) | free radicals |
| respiration | exchange of gases b/w living organism and its environment |
| spontaneous pneumothorax | a pneumothorax that occurs spontaneously, in absence of blunt/penetrating trauma |
| subcutaneous emphysema | presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue |
| surfactant | compound secreted by the lungs that contributes to the elastic properties of the pulmonary tissues |
| tachycardia | rapid heart rate, greater than 100 bpm |
| tachypnea | rapid respiration |
| tactile fremitus | vibratory tremors felt through the chest by palpation |
| tracheal deviation | any position of the trachea other than midline |
| tracheal tugging | retraction of the tissues of the neck due to airway obstrutiction or dyspnea |
| ventilation | mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs |
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