vocabulary words for ecology
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ecology | scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment
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biosphere | part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere
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species | group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
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population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
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community | assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area
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ecosystem | collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment
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biome | group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities
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autotroph | organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
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producer | organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
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photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
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chemosynthesis | process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
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heterotroph | organisms that obtains energy from the food it consumes; also called a consumer
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consumer | organisms that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph
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herbivore | organism that obtains energy by eating only plants
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carnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating animals
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omnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals
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detritivore | organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter
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decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter
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food chain | series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
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trophic level | step in a food chain or food web
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ecological pyramid | diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web
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biomass | total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
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biogeochemical cycle | process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another
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evaporation | process by which water changes from a liquid to an atmospheric gas
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transpiration | loss of water from a plant through its leaves
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nutrient | chemical substance that an organism requires to live
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nitrogen fixation | process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia
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denitrification | conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas
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primary productivity | rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem
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limiting nutrient | single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, liming the growth of organisms in an ecosystem
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algal bloom | an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that results from a large input of a limiting nutrient
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