Mrs Bayles AP Biology ch. 9 and 10 MC questions
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? | Catabolic Pathways
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| The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction.... | loses electrons and loses energy.
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| Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy? | Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).
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| When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, he molecule becomes... | oxidized.
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| When of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom the molecule becomes... | reduced.
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| the ATP made during glycolysis is generated by... | substrate-level phosphorylation.
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| The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? | accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
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| which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent? | glycolysis
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| An electron loses potential energy when it... | shifts to a more electronegative atom.
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| Starting with one molecule of glucose, the "net" products of glycolysis are... | 2NADH, 2H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O.
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| In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate... | 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced.
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| Which kind of metabolic poison wold most directly interfere with glycolysis? | An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized
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| Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase? | It uses stored ATP and then forms a net in ATP.
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| The tree steps in which pyruvate is catabolized in the citric acid cycle result in the formation of... | acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2.
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| Why is coenzyme A, a sulfer containing molecule derived from a B vitamin, added? | To provide a relatively unstable molecule whose acetyl portion can readily bind to oxaloacetate.
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| How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion? | active transport.
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| which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon from one molecule of pyruvate? | acetyl CoA
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| During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location? | mitochondrial matrix
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| How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate? | 2
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| How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cyle? | 4 FADH2, and 12 NADH
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| Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three turns of the citric acid cycle? | 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2
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| For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH2 molecules produced? | 12
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| a young animal has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more | His mitichondria lack the transport protein that moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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| Cellular rspiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? | Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
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| Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? | Mitochondrial inner membrane
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| During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest level? | FADH2
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| the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to... | act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.
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| Inside an active mitochondrian, most electrons follow which pathway? | citric acid cycle -> NADH -> electron transport chain -> oxygen
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| In Chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+ Pi to ATP? | energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
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| The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is... | the difference in H+ consentrations on both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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| It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial components. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane? | oxidative phosphorylation
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| Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water? | oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)
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| Approx. how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose in cellular respiration? | 76
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| Approx. what percentage of the energy of glucose is transferred to storage in ATP as a result of the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and the water in cellular respiration? | 40%
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| What is proton-motive force? | the transmembrane proton concentration gradient
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| After the first disruption, when electron transfer and ATP synthesize still occur, what must be present? | all of the electron transport proteins as well as ATP synthase
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| After the second agitation of the membrane vesicles, what must be lost from the membrane? | ATP synthase in whole or in part
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| The figure shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the combination of substances that is initially added to the chain? | NADH, FADH2 and electrons
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| The parts of the figure labled with Roman numerals sumbolize what concept? | multimeric groups of proteins in 4 complexes
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| Which of the following describes ubiquinone? | a small hydrophobic coenzyme
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| Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? | glycolysis
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| The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following? | substrate-level phosphorylation
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