Medical Terminology of the Skeletal System
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| Periosteum | The tough fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.
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| Cartilage | The smooth, rubbery blue white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.
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| Diaphysis | The shaft of the long bone.
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| Epiphysis | The wide end of the long bone which is covered with cartilage.
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| Articulations | Connections between bones that allows motion between parts.
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| Suture | The jagged line where bones join and form a joint that does not move.
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| Axial skeleton | Has 80 bones and protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
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| Appendicular skeleton | Has 126 bones and makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
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| Cranium | The portion of the skull that encloses the brain.
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| Auditory ossicles | The bones of the middle ear.
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| Zygomatic bones | Cheekbones.
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| Mandible | The lower jawbone.
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| Costals | Ribs
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| Sternum | Also know as the breastbone.
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| Xiphoid process | The lower portion of the sternum which is made of cartilage.
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| Clavicle | Also known as the collar bone.
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| Scapula | Also know as the shoulder blade.
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| Humerus | The bone of the upper arm.
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| Radius | The smaller bone of the forearm. Runs up the thumb side.
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| Ulna | The larger bone of the forearm. It articulates with the humerus to form the elbow joint.
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| Olecranon process | Commonly known as the funny bone.
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| Carpals | The bones of the wrist.
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| Metacarpals | The bones that form the palm of the hand.
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| Phalanges | The bones of the fingers and the toes.
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| Spinal column | Also known as the vertebral column.
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| Cervical vertebrae | The first set of 7 vertebrae theat form the neck.
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| Thoracic vertebrae | The second set of 12 vertebrae that form the outward curve of the spine.
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| Lumbar vertebrae | Make up the third set of 5 vertebrae that are the largest and strongest and form the inward curve of the spine.
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| Sacrum | A slightly curved triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine.
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| Coccyx | Also known as the tailbone.
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| Femur/femor/o | The largest bone in the body, the upper leg, also known as the thigh bone.
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| Patella | The kneecap.
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| Tibia | The larger weight bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg, also known as the shin bone.
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| Fibula | The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg.
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| Ambi | Both
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| Arthr/o | Joint
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| Chondr/o | Cartilage
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| Cost/o | Rib
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| Inter | between
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| -malacia | softening
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| orth/o | straight
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| oste/o | bone
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| patell/o | patellar (knee cap)
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| scoli/o | crooked, curve
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| Arthritis | Inflammation of the joints
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| Chondromalacia | Softening of the cartilage
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| Osteoarthritis | Inflammation of the bones and joints
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| Osteoporosis | Pertaining to the porous condition of the bones
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| Scoliosis | Condition of being bent
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| CXR | Chest x-ray
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| FX | fractures
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