chapter 15
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| immigration | most were members of upper class
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| most major industries are owned and operated by the | government
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| 2 official languages are | french (15%) and creole(100%)
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| Haiti has on oral culture | long tradition of proverbs, jokes and stories used to pass on knowledge
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| Haitians are very expressive with | their emotions
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| communication patterns include | loud, animated speech and touching
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| pain and sorrow | are obvious facial expressions
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| Haitians will hide their lack of knowledge by | keeping to themselves, avoiding conflict and projecting a timid air or attitude
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| May pretend to understand by | nodding of head
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| private | in health matters. may prefer to use professional interpreters instead of friends
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| voice intonations | may appear stressful and hostile
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| eye contact | not generally kept when speaking to a person with authority
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| direct eye contact | may be viewed as rude when dealing with a superior (child speaking to an adult)
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| greet by | kissing with informal encounters, handshaking with formal encounters
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| children refer to adult friends as | "aunt" or "uncle"
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| temporal relationships | balance among the past, the present, the future
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| future is | predetermined and only God can change it
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| time | punctuality is not valued. arriving late is not considered to be rude. flexibility with time is norm
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| format for names | first, middle,last
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| family roles | men prefer to think they make the decisions but the family structure is matriarchal.
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| machismo | prevails in haitian culture
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| children are expected | to be high achievers
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| madichon | term used when children are disrespectful means that their future will have misfortune
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| physical punishment | is used to discipline children and may be viewed as abuse by US standards
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| Health care appointments may be missed due to | bruising and marks on child due to physical punishment
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| health practices | children given laxatives and enemas in the summer to promote health
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| males | receive higher education and indulged more than girls in family
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| females | are to respectable and goal is to marry
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| family council | composed of grandparents and influential family members. will make decisions for the family
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| family is | all encompassing concept. family should be included to promote trusting relationships with health care providers
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| biological differences | dark skin requires assessing sclera, oral mucosa for anemia,cyanosis
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| diseases | high incidence of TB, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS. prone to Diabetes, HTN
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| diet is | high in fat, cholesterol and salt
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| high risk behaviors | tobacco use, drinking,non use of seat belts, non use of helmets
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| good health is a balance between | cho (hot) and fret (cold)
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| balance is achieved by | eating well, attention to personal hygiene, pray and have good spiritual habits
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| to promote good health one must | be strong, be plump and be free of pain
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| to stay healthy one must | eat right, sleep right, keep warm, exercise and keep clean
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| breakfast consists of | bread, butter, bananas and coffee. children drink coffee but not as strong as adults
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| largest meal | eaten at lunch which consists of rice,beans, salad of vegetables,
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| hot/cold and acid/nonacid | major categories of contrast of foods
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| foods eaten when ill | pumpkin soup
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| haitian diet is high in | fat and carbohydrates
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| nutritional deficiencies | many have protein deficiencies
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| pregnancy | is not viewed as a state for preventive care
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| pregnant women will avoid | eating spices that may irritate the fetus
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| postpartum beliefs include | bones "open" and need for woman to stay in bed 2-3 days after delivery. will wear abd binders to "close bones".
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| 3 baths | ritual baths done after delivery for healing
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| lok | laxative given to newborn
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| "thin" breast milk | believed to give infant diarrhea and headaches
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| "thick" breast milk | believed to cause impetigo
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| death practices | prefer to die at home.
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| response to grief | male relative makes arrangements. 7 days of prayer. cremation is not acceptable
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| voudou | religion with roots in africa
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| voudou believers may attribute | illness with evil spirits
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| illness | is considered punishment
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| Gas | may provoke pain. can occur in the head where it enters thru the ears, mouth and thought to cause headaches
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| root work system | folk medicine that provides framework to id and cure illness
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| pain | doule
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| organ donation | generally not done due to belief body must remain intact
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| managing illness | self -care first, then spiritual care, folk care and lastly western medicine
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