CNA Exam III
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| Difference between anatomy and physiology? | Anatomy- Study of what the body parts look like.
Physiology-Study of how they work
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| Organs in musculoskeletal system? Functions? | Organs: Muscles, bones, joints.
Functions: Movement, protection, support, calcium storage, and production of blood cells.
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| Organs in nervous system? Functions? | Organs: Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Functions:Controls and coordinates body activities.
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| Organs in sensory system? Functions? | Organs:Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin.
Functions: Sight, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching.
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| Organs in cardiovascular system? Functions? | Organs: Heart, vessels, blood
Functions: Carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells, removes waste from cells.
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| Organs in respiratory system? Functions? | Organs: Nose, mouth, epiglottis, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
Function: Provide oxygen to cells, remove waste in the form of carbon dioxide from the cells (CO2)
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| Organs in digestive system? Functions? | Organs: Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, large and small intestines, appendix, rectum, anus
Functions: Ingests and prepares food for use by the body, excrete waste.
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| Organs in urinary system? Functions? | Organs: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Functions: Filters wastes from blood, produce urine, maintains a stable balance of water and minerals in the body.
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| Organs in reproductive system? Functions? | Organs: Male: Testes, prostate gland, penis, urethra.
Female: Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina.
Function Produce reproductive cells-Male-sperm, female-ovum, eggs
Produces hormones that are responsible for secondary sex characteristics
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| Organs in endocrine system? Functions? | Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid, thymus gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonads(ovaries and testes),
Functions: secrete hormones to regulate body processes of growth and development, regulate body functions.
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| Organs in integumentary system? Functions? | Organs: Skin, hair, nails, oil glands, sweat glands,
Functions: Provide protection, regulate body temperature, excretes wastes, manufacture VIT D
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| Organs in lymphatic system? Functions? | Organs: Lymph nodes, lymph fluid, tonsils, spleen
Functions: Produce antibodies, manufacture white blood cells, filter impurities such as dead cells and bacteria
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| What is homeostasis? | All of the organ systems working together to balance.
Homeostasis means staying the same.
A disease occurs when the structure or function of an organ or an organ system is abnormal.
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| What is an infectious disease? | Disease caused by pathogens.
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| What is a degenerative disease? | Occurs when the tissues of the body wear out.
Exs: Arthritis, muscular dystrophy, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease.
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| What is a nutritional disease? | Occurs when a person's diet-Lacks certain nurtients, has too much of any one nutrient, has to many calories
Ex: Obesity is a nutritional disorder.
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| Male and female hormones? | Male-testosterone
Female-estrogen and pro estrogen
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| What is a metabolic(endocrine) disorder? | Occurs when-Body is unable to metabolize or absorb certain nutrients, the body secretes either too much of one type of hormone or not enough
Ex: Diabetes
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| What is an immune disorder? | These disorders change the way the immune system behaves. Sometimes, as in AIDS, the body's immune system is reduced..Cannot fight off infections and other itmes the immune system attacks the body's own tissues.
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| What is a neoplastic disease? | Neoplasm means new growth-Think cancers or tumors. Invades healthy tissues.
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| What is a psychiatric disorder? | Mental disorder that affects a person's ability to function normally-Think depression.
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| What factors put a person at risk for diseases? | Age, gender, heredity, lifestyles, occupation, chronic diseases, and emotional health
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| What is the body's organization level? | Cells-tissues-organ-organ system-organism
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| What conditions can affect VS? | Hypertension, some medications, respiratory diseases, anxiety, and fear.
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| Describe a normal respiration | Quiet, effortless, regular, and both sides rise and fall equally.
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| Nurse assistants responsibilities regarding oxygen therapy including comfort measures. | Observing, and reporting things to charge nurse. Cleaning the nose and mouth piece, and making sure the humidity jar is 2/3 the way full.
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| What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction? | Squeezing of the chest, sweating, SOB, pain the the upper back for women, jaw pain, heartburn, arm pain, nausea
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| Where are the pulse sites? | Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, femoral, radial, pedal
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| What is orthostatic tension? | A form of low blood pressure that causes dizziness when standing up too quickly.
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| What are the key points of weighing a resident? | Use same scale, shoes off, take off heavy clothing.
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| What are the key points of measuring the height of a resident? | Put ruler flat on head, heels together, stand on a hard surface, not on carpet.
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| Who should you, as the CNA, report S/S of decreased oxygen to? | The charge nurse
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| Conversion feet-in&in-feet? | Feet to in: feet*12+inches
In to feet: in/12, put remainder as inches.
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| Why shouldn't you direct a fan at someone with a fever? | Because it lowers body temperature too low to fast, causing cold chills to hold feverish heat in.
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| Describe systole and diastole. | Systole- Top number and contraction of the heart.
Diastole-Bottom number and relaxation of the heart.
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| Two reasons NOT to take an oral temp? | If pt is puking or unconscious.
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| Two reasons NOT to take a rectal temp? | If pt has diarrhea or a rectal disorder.
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| Normal elderly pulse range? | 50-100 BPM
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| Normal BP range? | (100-150)/(60-90)
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| Normal respiration range? | 14-20
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| Normal temperature range? | 95-98.6
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| Normal oxygen saturation range? | 90-100
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