Weather Unit
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Atmosphere | : a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.
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| Nitrogen | The most abundant gas in our atmosphere
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| Carbon dioxide | A greenhouse gas that has dramatically increased in our atmosphere
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| Troposphere | The first layer of the atmosphere, we live here, almost all weather occurs here.
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| Stratosphere: | The second layer of the atmosphere, most airplanes fly in this layer.
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| Mesosphere | : The third layer of the atmosphere, it is the coldest layer.
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| Thermosphere | The fourth layer of the atmosphere, the aurora borealis occurs here.
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| Exosphere | The outer edge of Earth’s atmosphere, atoms and molecules escape into space here.
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| Water cycle | The continuous movement of water from the land, to the atmosphere, and back to land again.
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| Evaporation | Occurs when liquid changes into water vapor
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| Precipitation | Occurs when rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls from the clouds onto Earth’s surface.
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| Condensation | Occurs when water vapor cools and changes from a gas to a liquid. Clouds form by this process.
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| Transpiration | The process where plants lose water
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| Runoff | is water, usually from precipitation, that flows across land and collects in rivers, streams, and eventually the ocean.
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| Thermal Conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material.
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| Convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas.
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| Cumulus clouds | Puffy, white clouds that tend to have flat bottoms. They form when warm air rises.
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| Stratus clouds | clouds that form in layers, they typically cover a large portion of the sky. They are often associated with precipitation
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| Cirrus | : thin, feathery, white clouds that are found at high altitudes
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| Nimbus: | clouds that have precipitation falling out of them.
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| Cumulonimbus | a thick puffy cloud that has precipitation falling out of it.
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| Cloud | a collection of small water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air, which forms when the air is cooled and condensation occurs.
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| Greenhouse effect | the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy.
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| Global warming | a gradual increase in average global temperature
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| Weather | The condition of the atmosphere at a particular place, over a short period of time.
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| Climate | The average weather conditions in: an area over a long period of time.
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| Relative humidity | : The amount of water vapor in the air compared with the maximum amount of water vapor air can hold at a certain temperature.
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| Acid rain | rain that contains a high concentration of acids.
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| Jet stream: | a narrow belt of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere
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| Doldrums | : the ocean belt near the equator, characterized by calms and light, variable winds, or the characteristic weather of this region.
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| Westerlies: | prevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30 – 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres
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| Trade winds | prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30 – 60 latitude to the equator in both hemispheres
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| Coriolis effect | : the apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the Earth’s rotation
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| Air mass | A large body of air where temperature and moisture are constant throughout
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| Wind | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure
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| Front | the boundary of air masses of different densities and usually different temperatures.
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| Cold front | the advancing edge of a mass of cold dense air as it displaces warmer air
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| Warm front | the advancing edge of a mass of warm air that rises over colder air, usu. causing steady precipitation.
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| Stationary front | When a warm or cold front stops moving
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| Lightning | : an electric discharge that takes place between two oppositely charged surfaces, such as between a cloud and the ground, between two clouds, or between two parts of the same cloud.
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| Tornado | a destructive, rotating column of air that has very high wind speeds, is visible as a funnel-shaped cloud, and touches the ground
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| Hurricane | : A severe storm that develops over tropical oceans whose strong winds of more than 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensely low pressure storm center
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| Barometer | an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
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| Anemometer | : an instrument used to measure wind speed
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