Vital Signs
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| apical pulse | pulse taken with a stethoscope and near the apex of the heart.
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| apnea | Absence of respirations; temporary cessation of respirations.
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| arrhythmia | irregular or abnormal rhythm, usually referring to the heart rhythm.
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| aural temperature | taken with a special tympanic thermometer that is placed in the ear or the auditory canal
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| axillary temperature | taken under the armpit under the upper arm less accurate
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| blood pressure | measurement of the force exerted by the heart against the arterial walls when the heart contracts (beats) and relaxes.
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| bradycardia | slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute.
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| bradypnea | slow respiratory rate, usually below 10 respirations per minute.
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| character | the quality of respirations for example deep shallow or labored.
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| cheyne-stokes | periods of difficult breathing followed by periods of no respirations.
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| clinical thermometers | may be used to record temperatures. a slender glass tube containing mercury or alcohol with red dye.
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| cyanosis | bluish color of the skin,nail beds,and/or lips due to an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood.
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| diastolic | constant pressure in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is at rest or between contractions.
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| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing
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| electronic thermometers | registers the temperature on a viewer in a few seconds. They can be used to take oral, rectal,axillary, or groin.
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| fever | elevated body temperature, usually above 101f or 38.3c rectally
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| homeostasis | the ideal health state in the human body
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| hypertension | high blood pressure. greater than 140mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic.
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| hyperthermia | occurs when the body temperature exceeds 104F (40C) measured rectally
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| hypotension | low blood pressure pressure less than 90mm Hg and 60 mm Hg.
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| hypothermia | a low body temperature, below 95F (35C) measured rectally
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| oral temperature | temperature taken in the mouth.This is the most common and convenient method of obtaining a temperature. eating, drinking, or smoking can alter the temperature.
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| orthopnea | severe dyspnea in which breathing is very difficult in any position other than sitting erect, or standing.
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| pulse | the pressure of the blood felt against the wall of the artery as the heart contracts and relaxes, or beats
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| pulse deficit | a condition that occurs with some heart conditions. In some cases the heart is weak and does not pump enough blood to produce a pulse or the heart pumps too fast and there is not enough time for the heart to fill with blood.
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| pulse pressure | is an important indicator of the health and tone of arterial walls. normal rate for pulse pressure in adults is 30 to 50mm Hg.
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| pyrexia | another term for fever
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| rale | bubbling or noisy sounds caused by fluid or mucus in the air passages
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| rate | the number of beats per minute.
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| rectal temperature | are taken in the rectum. This is an internal measurement and is the most accurate
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| respirations | the breathing rate of the patient.
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| rhythm | refers to regularity
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| sphygmomanometer | an instrument used to measure blood pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). The main types are mercury, aneroid, and electronic.
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| stethoscope | an instrument used to listen to internal body sounds.
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| systolic | pressure occurs in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the arteries.
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| tachycardia | a pulse rate over 100 beats per minute (except in children)
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| tachypnea | rapid, shallow respiratory rate above 25 respirations per minute.
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| temperature | measurement of the balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body
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| temporal scanning thermometer | specialized electronic thermometers that measure the temperature in the temporal artery of the forehead.
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| temporal temperature | A special temporal scanning thermometer is passed in a straight line across the forehead, midway between the eyebrows and upper hairline.
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| tympanic thermometer | specialized electronic thermometers that record the aural temperature in the ear.
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| vital signs | various determinations that provide information about basic body conditions of the patient.
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| volume | refers to strength
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| wheezing | difficult breathing with a high pitched whistling or sighing sound during expiration caused by narrowing of the bronchioles.
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