Ch 2 Psychology Terms and Definitions
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| Nervous System | show 🗑
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| Neuron | show 🗑
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| Dendrites | show 🗑
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| Soma | show 🗑
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| show | Long tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells
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| show | Grey fatty cells that provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, and clean up waste products and dead neurons
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| show | Fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse.
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| Action Potential | show 🗑
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| show | The state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse
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| show | Referring to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does not fire at all
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| show | Branches at the end of the axon
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| Neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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| show | Sack-like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals
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| show | Microscopic fluid-filled space between the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell
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| show | Process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles
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| show | Neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire
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| show | Neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing
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| Agonists | show 🗑
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| Antagonists | show 🗑
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| show | The first transmitter to be discovered. Found to regulate memories in the CNS and the action of skeletal and smooth muscles in the PNS
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| show | Abbreviation for gamma-aminobutyric acid, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
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| show | Neurotransmitter involved in pain disorders and emotional perceptions, is also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
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| show | Neurotransmitter that regulates movement, balance and walking and is involved in the disorders schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease
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| Endorphin | show 🗑
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) | show 🗑
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| show | A long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain and that is responsible for very fast, life-saving reflexes
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| show | A neuron that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system. Also called afferent neuron
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| show | A neuron that carries messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body. Also call efferent neuron
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| show | A neuron found in the center of the spinal cord that receives information from the sensory neurons and sends commands to the muscles through motor neurons. Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain
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| show | All nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but run through the body itself
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| show | Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body
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| show | Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands
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| Sympathetic Division | show 🗑
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| Parasympathetic Division | show 🗑
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| show | Section of the brain that connects directly to the spinal cord and regulates vital functions such as breathing, the heart, reflexes and level of alertness
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| Cortex | show 🗑
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| Medulla | show 🗑
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| show | The larger swelling above the medulla, which connects the top of the brain to the bottom, and plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal
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| show | An area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the pons and slightly beyond, responsible for selective attention
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| Cerebellum | show 🗑
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| show | A group of several brain structures located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation
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| show | Part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex, and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area
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| show | Small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex
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| show | Curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of long term memories and the storage of memory for location of objects
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| show | Brain structure located near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and memory of fear
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| Cerebral Hemispheres | show 🗑
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| show | Thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres
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| show | Sections of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere, containing the visual centers of the brain
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| show | Sections of the brain located at the top and back of each cerebral hemisphere, containing the centers for touch, taste, and temperature sensations
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| show | Areas of the corex located just behind the temples, containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech
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| Frontal Lobes | show 🗑
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| Association Areas | show 🗑
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| show | Association area of the brain located in the frontal lobe that is responsible for language production and language processing
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| show | Association area of the brain in the temporal lobe that has been found to be involved in the comprehension of spoken language
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| show | Glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream
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| Hormones | show 🗑
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| Pituitary Gland | show 🗑
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| show | Endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum that secretes melatonin
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| Thyroid Gland | show 🗑
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| show | Endocrine gland that controls the levels of sugar in the blood
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| Adrenal Glands | show 🗑
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