Ch 2 Psychology Terms and Definitions
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show | An extensive network of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body
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Neuron | show 🗑
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show | Branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons
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show | The cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell
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Axon | show 🗑
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Glial Cells | show 🗑
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Myelin | show 🗑
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Action Potential | show 🗑
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show | The state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse
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show | Referring to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does not fire at all
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show | Branches at the end of the axon
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Neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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show | Sack-like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals
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Synaptic Gap | show 🗑
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show | Process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles
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Excitatory Neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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show | Neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing
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show | Chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell
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Antagonists | show 🗑
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show | The first transmitter to be discovered. Found to regulate memories in the CNS and the action of skeletal and smooth muscles in the PNS
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show | Abbreviation for gamma-aminobutyric acid, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
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Serotonin | show 🗑
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show | Neurotransmitter that regulates movement, balance and walking and is involved in the disorders schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease
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show | Neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the body and works to block pain and elevate mood. It is chemically similar to morphine and its name is sort for "endogenous morphine"
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Central Nervous System (CNS) | show 🗑
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Spinal Cord | show 🗑
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Sensory Neuron | show 🗑
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Motor Neuron | show 🗑
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show | A neuron found in the center of the spinal cord that receives information from the sensory neurons and sends commands to the muscles through motor neurons. Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain
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show | All nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but run through the body itself
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show | Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body
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Autonomic Nervous System | show 🗑
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show | Part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal. Also known as the fight-or-flight system
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show | Part of the autonomic system that restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the organs and glands. Sometimes referred to as the rest-and-digest system
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Brainstem | show 🗑
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Cortex | show 🗑
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show | The first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate
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show | The larger swelling above the medulla, which connects the top of the brain to the bottom, and plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal
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Reticular Formation | show 🗑
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Cerebellum | show 🗑
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Limbic System | show 🗑
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show | Part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex, and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area
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show | Small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex
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show | Curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of long term memories and the storage of memory for location of objects
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Amygdala | show 🗑
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show | The two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain
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Corpus Callosum | show 🗑
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Occipital Lobes | show 🗑
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Parietal Lobes | show 🗑
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show | Areas of the corex located just behind the temples, containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech
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show | Areas of the cortex located in the front and top of the brain, responsible for higher mental processes and decision making, as well as the production of fluent speech
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Association Areas | show 🗑
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show | Association area of the brain located in the frontal lobe that is responsible for language production and language processing
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Wernicke's Area | show 🗑
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show | Glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream
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Hormones | show 🗑
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show | Gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone and influences all other hormone-secreting glands (also known as the master gland)
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show | Endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum that secretes melatonin
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Thyroid Gland | show 🗑
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show | Endocrine gland that controls the levels of sugar in the blood
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Adrenal Glands | show 🗑
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