Tissues
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| A group of cells working together to perform specialized functional and structural roles | tissue
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| What are the four different tissue types? | muscular, nervous, connective, epithelial
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| what tissue is widespread throughout body -lines/covers surfaces inside and out | Epithelial Tissue
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| Always has a free, exposed surface (Apical surface) to outer environment or an open internal space | epithelial tissue
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| What is the underside of epithelial tissue is anchored down by a thin, non-living layer called a | basement membrane
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| Epithelial Tissue is a major tissue type of | glands
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| Epithelial Tissues lack ____ vessels | blood
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| how does epithelial tissue get nourishment? | they get nourishment from diffusion of substances from underlying connective tissues
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| Epithelial tissue do what? | reproduce rapidly
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| Epithelial tissue cells are | tightly packed
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| What makes epithelial tissue cells an effective protective barrier? | little intercellular space
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| What is the major functions of epithelial tissue? | protection, secretion, absorption, excretion and sensory perception
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| What are the 6 types of epithelial tissue? | 1.simple squamous 2.Simple cuboidal epithelium 3.simple columnar epithelium 4.Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 5.Startified Squamous Epithelium 6.Transiitonal Epithelium
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| cells are single layers and cube shaped | simple cuboidal epithelium
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| What is the simple cuboidal epithelium nuclei | spherical and centrally located
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| what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium? | secretion and absorption
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| what is the location of simple cuboidal epithelium? | covers the ovaries, lines kidney tubules, lines ducts of glands(salivary, thyroid, pancreas and liver)
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| cells are elongated (longer than they are wide) and single layered | simple columnar epithelium
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| What is the simple columnar epithelium nuclei? | located at same level in cells, typically near basement membrane
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| what does simple columnar epithelium do? | secretion of digestive fluids, absorption of nutrients
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| What does simple columnar epithelium have to increase surface area? | microvilli
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| who contains manny goblet cells? | simple columnar epithelium
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| What is the location of simple columnar epithelium? | lining of uterus, lining of digestive tract organs
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| Columnar cells appear to be stratified (layers of cells) but are not | Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
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| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium has what to help move substances across the surface of the cell? | cilia
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| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium often contain what to secrete mucus | goblet cells
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| What is the function of pseudo stratified columnar epithelium? | secretion of mucus, propulsion of materials
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| What is the location of pseudo stratified columnar epithelium | lining of respiratory organs and tubes of the reproductive system
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| Stratified =consisting of many layers of squamous cells -makes tissues very think | Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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| What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? | protection of underlying tissues subjected to constant surface abrasion (scratching/abus)
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| What is the location of stratified squamous epithelium? | skin, linking of mouth, and throat
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| upper layers of our skin accumulate a protein called | keratin
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| What does keratin do? | makes them harden and die -this allows for better protection and retention of water in the body
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| Specialized stratified layers of cuboidal and columnar cells designed to undergo changes as a result of increasing tension | Transitional Epithelium
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| What is the function of transitional epithelium? | contact and relax with volume and tension changes in tissue
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| What is the location of transitional epithelium? | Urinary bladder and passageways of urinary system
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| Bind structure together, fill space, serve as a framework, provides support, stores fat, produces blood cells, provides protection against infection, and helps repair tissue damage | connective tissue
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| Are connective tissues able to reproduce? | yes
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| Variation in blood supply | connective tissue
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| usually present in stable #'s in the matrix; 3 types | resident cells
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| Large and star shaped; produce fibers in the matrix by secreting proteins | fibroblasts
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| specialized to carry out phagocytosis | macrophages
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| large and located near blood cells | mast cells
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| what prevents blood clotting | heparin
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| what promotes reactions associated with allergies and inflammation | histamine
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| What are connective tissue fibers all produced by | fibroblasts
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| What are the the 3 types of connective tissue fibers | 1. collagenous fibers 2. elastic fibers 3. reticular fibers
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| thick and thread like | collagenous fibers
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| composed of flexible collagen | collagenous fibers
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| have a great tensile strength | collagenous fibers
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| make up tendons and appear white in large amounts | collagenous fibers
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| composed of a protein called elastin | elastic fibers
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| found in vocal cords and appear yellow in large amounts | elastic fibers
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| thin, dark fibers composed of collagen | reticular fibers
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| highly branched and form supporting networks in spleen, bone and cartilage | reticular fibers
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| gel-like matrix separates all 3 fiber types. many blood cells within tissue | loose connective tissue (areolar tissue)
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| has all 3 types of resident cells; many fibroblasts | loose connective tissue (areolar tissue)
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| forms soft, thin, delicate membranes throughout body | loose connective tissue
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| What is loose connective tissue function? | binds skin to underlying organs, wraps and cushions organs and fills spaces between muscles
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| What is the location of loose connective tissue? | wraps around organs and lies beneath most epithelial layers -tends to swell with tissue fluid when injured
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| commonly called fat -whitish-yellow looks like a honeycomb under microscope | adipose tissue
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| specialized loose connective tissue that holds lipids in expanding "fat droplets" | adipose tissue
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| What is the function of adipose tissue? | protective cushion for organs an joins, insulates body heat, long-term energy storage in fat molecules
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| what is the location of adipose tissue? | beneath skin (subcutaneous), spaces between muscles, within breasts, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, in certain abdominal membranes ("visceral fat"), on the surface of the heart and around some joints
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| dense, fibrous tissue that contains many, closely packed, thick, parallel, collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers | dense fibrous connective tissue
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| Function: very strong and can withstand pulling forces and serves to bind body parts together | dense fibrous connective tissue
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| What do tendons connect | muscles to bones or muscles to other muscles
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| What do ligaments connect | bones to other bones
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| can also be found in the protective white layer of the eyeball and in deeper portions of the skin | dense fibrous connective tissue
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| rigid, yet flexible and lots of firm matrix | cartilage
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| Single cartilage cell = | chondrocyte
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| No blood vessels in cartilage, so nutrients diffuse from a fibrous connective tissue lining cover | cartilage
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| reproduces and repairs slowly | cartilage
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| what are the three major types of cartilage? | 1. hyaline 2.elastic 3.Fibrocartilage
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| Most common cartilage type | Hyaline Cartilage
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| What is the nickname for hyaline cartilage | milk glass
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| very fine collagenous fibers in matrix | hyaline cartilage
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| Function: support and reinforce, has resilient cushioning properties, resists compressive stress | hyaline cartilage
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| Location: covers ends of many bones in joints, "wiggly" part of nose, costal cartilage of ribcage, in supporting rings of trachea and larynx | hyaline cartilage
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| More flexible than hyaline | Elastic Cartilage
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| Contains a dense network of elastic fibers (appear dark in matrix) | Elastic Cartilage
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| Chondrocytes are closer together | Elastic Cartilage
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| Function: maintains shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility | elastic cartilage
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| Location: framework of outer ear and epiglottis (flap at entrance of trachea that closes off -prevents food and beverage from entering lungs) | elastic cartilage
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| very tough tissue containing many collagenous fibers with chondrocytes in parallel layers | fibrocartilage
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| Function: excellent shock-absorber, great tensile strength, highly compressible | Fibrocartilage
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| Location: forms discs between vertebrae, found in knee join and forms protective cushion for bones of pelvic girdle | Fibrocartilage
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| most rigid of all connective tissues | bone (osseous) tissue
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| hardness due to mineral salts and collagen in matrix | bone (osseous) tissue
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| single bone cell =osteocyte, and they lie in lacunae chambers | single bone cell
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| they lacunae are evenly spaced along thin layers of bone matrix called lamellae | bone (osseous) tissue
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| the osteonic canal and the lamellae surrounding it. Many osteons are visible under microscope | osteon
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| composed of cells that are suspended in a fluid matrix, called plasma | blood (vascular) tissue
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| contains red blood cells (RBC's), white blood cells (WBC's) and platelets | blood (vascular) tissue
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| Function: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and heat | blood (vascular) tissue
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| Location: contained within blood vessels | blood (vascular) tissue
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| one muscle cell = | muscle fiber
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| do muscles pull or pull | pull
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| What are the tree types of muscle tissue? | 1. skeletal Muscle 2.Smooth Muscle 3.Cardia Muscle
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| Fibers are long and cylindrical, with alternating light and dark bands called | striations
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| each fiber has many nuclei found close to cell membrane surface | skeletal muscle
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| Functions: voluntarily controlled by your will | skeletal muscle
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| Locations: Found in all muscles that attach to skeleton | skeletal muscle
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| Fibers lack striations | smooth muscle
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| fibers are shorter than skeletal and spindle shaped | smooth muscle
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| Has a single, central nucleus | smooth muscle
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| Functions: not voluntarily controlled | smooth muscle
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| Locations: found in walls of hollow internal organs (stomach, intestines, uterus...) and in the walls of blood cells (vasoconstriction) | smooth muscle
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| Location: only found in the walls of the heart | cardiac muscle
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| fibers are striated and joined end to end at an area called | intercalated disk
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| Functions: involuntarily controlled by brain stem | cardiac muscle
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| Responsible for continuos pumping of blood through heart chambers and blood vessels | Cardiac Muscle
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| Found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves that run throughout body | nervous tissue
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| coordinate, regulate, and integrate many body functions | neurons
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