Stack #163577
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| a non-living part of an ecosystem | abiotic factor
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| the rate at which velocity changes | acceleration
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| a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns pH paper red | acid
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| a force that is the result os an amount of air pressing on an area | air pressure
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| the friction experienced by objects moving through air | air resistance
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| elements in Group 1 of the periodic table | alkali metals
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| elements in Group 2 of the periodic table | alkaline earth metals
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| a substance made of two or more metals | alloy
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| an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water | aquifer
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| the study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space | astronomy
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| the smallest particle of an element | atom
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| the average weight of one atom of an element | atomic mass
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | atomic number
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| the day of the year that marks the beginning of fall; about September 21 in the N. hemishere | autumnal equinox
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| an imaginary line that runs through the north and south poles of the earth | axis
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| equal forces acting on an object or each other in opposite directions | balanced forces
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| a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns pH paper green | base
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| the rule that a stream of fast-moving fluid exerts less pressure than the surrounding fluid | Bernoulli's principal
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| the number of different species in a given area | biodiversity
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| a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms | biome
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| a material that starts or increases the rate of a chemica lreaction | catalyst
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| a simple way to show a diagram of an atom of an element. | Bohr model
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| the exact temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. (212 F. degrees for water at sea level) | boiling point
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| a temperature in which water freezes at 0 degrees and water boils at 100 degrees | Celsius
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| a force that holds two atoms together | chemical bond
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| a change in matter that produces new substances | chemical change
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| a way to show chemical reactions using symbols instead of word | chemical equation
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| a characteristic that can be observed when a substance interacts with another substance | chemical property
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| behavior pattern that occurs over a period of about one day | circadian rythem
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| all the different organisms that live together in an area | community
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| a substance made of two or more elements chemically copmbined in a set ratio | compound
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| a device that combines two or more simple machines | compound machine
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| the process of learning to connect a stimulas with a good or bad event | conditioning
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| an organism that obtains energy by feeding on another organism | concumer
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| the process of turning soil in a field to follow the curve of a slope to prevent soil loss by water erosion | contour plowing
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| a type of scientific process in which all varialbes are kept the same except one | controlled experiment
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| the gradual wearing away of metal due to a chemical reaction | corrosion
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| a chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons | covalent bond
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| the facts, figures, and other evidence collected through observation | data
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| to shed leaves and grow new ones each year | deciduous
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| an organism that breaks down large molecules and returns important materials to the environment | decomposer
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| a landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake | delta
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| the process by which moleclues move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration | diffusion
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| the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it and is put in a new area | deposition
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| a ridge of land the separates one drainage basin or watershed from another. | divide
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| a land area from which a river and its tributaries collect their water. | drainage basin
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| a term used to describe a material that can be drawn out into a long wire. | ductile
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| the partial or total blocking of one object by another. | eclipse
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| all the living and nonliving things that interact in an area. | ecosystem
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| a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. | element
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| needed for work or change to occur. | energy
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| an imaginary line halfway between the North and South poles that circles the Earth. | equator
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| a state in which opposing forces in a system or balanced or stable. | equilibrium
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| a state in which opposing forces in a system or balanced or stable. | equilibrium
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| two days of the year in which neither hemisphere of the earth is tilted toward or away from the sun. (time of day and night or equal…usually March 21 and September 21) | equinox
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| the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves rock or soil. | erosion
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| a habitat in which fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean. | estuary
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| plants or animals that are carried to a new location by wind, water or animals…..opposite of native. | exotic species
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| the disappearance of all members of a species from Earth. | extinction
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| a broad, flat valley through which a river flows. | flood plain
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| a series of events in which one organism eats another starting with a producer and then a consumer on different trophic levels. | food chain
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| a pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. | food web
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| a push or pull exerted on an object. | force
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| a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound. | formula
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| an energy-rich substance (such as coal, petroleum, or natural gas) formed from the remains of organisms. | fossil fuel
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| the motion of a falling object when the only force acting on it is gravity. | free fall
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| a force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other….heat is created. | friction
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| the fixed point around which a lever pivots. | fulcrum
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| the basic metric unit of measure for measuring mass. | gram
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| the force that pulls objects toward each other…the strength of the force depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them. | gravity
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| elements in the vertical column of the periodic table; also called a family. | group
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| a large channel in soil or rock formed by erosion. | gully
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| the place where and organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs to survive. | habitat
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| the elements of group 17 of the periodic table. | halogen family
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| an animal that eats only plants. | herbivore
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| a state of greatly reduced body activity that occurs during the winter. | hibernation
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| dark-colored organic material in soil. | humus
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| a possible explanation for a set of observations; usually identified as an “if” and “then” statement; must be testable. | hypothesis
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| the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands. | ice wedging (freeze/thaw)
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| the mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction of any kind. | ideal mechanical advantage (IMA)
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| a simple machine consisting of flat surface with one end higher than the other. (ex. ramp) | inclined plane
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| he tendency of an object to resist change in movement; the tendency of a moving object to continue to move in a straight line, at the same speed, unless acted on by an outside force; the tendency of a stationary object to not move unless acted on by an ou |
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| an interpretation of an observation based on evidence and prior knowledge; may or may not be factual. | inference
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| the force exerted on a machine. | input force (effort force)
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| a unit of work equal to one Newton-meter. | joule
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| a type of landscape where there is limestone near the surface, characterized by caves, caverns, sinkholes, and valleys. | karst
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| energy that an object has because of its motion. | kinetic energy
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| a device that changes the amount of force exerted or the direction in which force is exerted. | machine
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| a term used to describe material that can be pounded or rolled into shape. | malleable
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| the one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment; also called the independent variable. | manipulated variable
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| a looping curve formed in a river as it winds through its flood plain. | meander
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| the number of times the force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine. | mechanical advantage
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| an element that has some of the characteristics of metals and some of the characteristics of nonmetals. (found above and below the zig-zag line on the PT) | metalloid
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| the basic metric unit of measure used for measuring length or distance between two points. | meter
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| two or more substances that are combined together, but do not change chemically. | mixture
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| a combination of two or more atoms that are bonded together. | molecule
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| the product of an object’s mass and velocity. (M=mass X velocity) | momentum
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| species of plant or animal that have naturally evolved in a given area. | native species
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| a tide with the least difference between low and high tide that occurs when the sun and moon pull at right angles to each other. (occurs during 1st and 3rd quarter moon phases) | neap tide
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| the overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on an object are added together. | net force
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| a unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate one kilogram of mass at a rate of one meter per second per second. (N=1 kg X m/second/second) | newton
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| an organism’s particular role in an ecosystem. | niche
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| an element in Group 18 of the PT. (also called inert or non-reactive gasses because they do not combine with other elements to make compounds) | noble gas
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| an element that lacks the properties of metals. | nonmetal
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| the central core of an atom that contains protons and usually neutrons; also, the control center of a cell. | nucleus
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| the process of using one or more of the five senses to gather information. | observation
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| an animal that eats both plants and animals. | omnivore
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| the path an object follows as it revolves around another object. | orbit
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| the force exerted on an object by a machine. | output force (work force)
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| a horizontal row of elements in the PT. (these elements have the same number of electron orbit levels) | period
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| an arrangement of the elements in order of atomic number in which elements with similar physical and chemical properties are grouped together. | periodic table (PT)
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| characteristic of some materials such as sand, gravel, and rock that allow liquids to pass easily through them. | permeable
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| a range of values from 0 to 14 that expresses how acidic or alkaline a substance is. | pH scale
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| the process by which plants and other organisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water. (CO2 + H20 + light energy = C6H12O6 + O2) | photosynthesis
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| a change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not make the material into something different. | physical change
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| the first species to populate an area. | pioneer species
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| energy that is stored and held in readiness. | potential energy
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| a carnivore that hunts and kills other animals for food. | predator
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| making an inference about a future event based on current evidence or past evidence. | predicting
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| the force that something exerts over a given area. | pressure
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| the line that makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole, passing through Greenwich, England. | prime meridian
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| an organism that can make its own food. | producer
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| an object that is thrown | projectile
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| a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel around which is wrapped a cord, rope, chain, or cable. | pulley
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| a resource that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time. | renewable resource
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| the factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulative variable in an experiment. | responding variable (dependent variable)
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| the movement of an object around another object. | revolution
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| a large stream. | river
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| the spinning motion of a planet about its axis. | rotation
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| water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground. | runoff
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| a study of the natural world through observations, experimentation, and logical reasoning; leads to a body of knowledge. | science
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| a statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions. | scientific law
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| a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations. | scientific theory
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| a simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral. | screw
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| small, solid particles from rocks or organisms that are moved by gravity, water, or wind; resulting in erosion and deposition. | sediment
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| a thick mass of grass roots and soil. | sod
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| the loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which | soil plants can grow and other organisms can use as habitat.
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| a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above and below it. | soil horizon
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| the blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth. (can only occur during a new moon phase) | solar eclipse
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| the two days of the year on which the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5 degrees south latitude or 23.5 degrees north latitude. (the longest and shortest amounts of sunlight in any 24 hour period) | solstice
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| a type of mixture in which one or more substances dissolve in a liquid, but do not change chemically. (salt in water) | solution
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| a group of similar organisms whose members can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring. | species
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| a tide with the greatest difference between the high and low tide that occurs when the sun and the moon are aligned with the Earth. (only occurs during a new and full moon phase) | spring tide
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| a calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave. | stalactite
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| a cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave. | stalagmite
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| the layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals. | subsoil
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| the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time. | succession
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| a type of mixture in which particles of sediment can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtering. | suspension
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| the set of letters used to identify an element. | symbol
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| the maximum speed a falling object can achieve. | terminal velocity
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| the daily rise and fall of the Earth’s waters on its shores. | tide
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| the mixture of humus, clay and other minerals that form the crumbly, uppermost layer of soil. | topsoil
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| elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the PT | transition metals
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| a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river. | tributary
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| a type of water movement in which, rather than moving downstream, the water moves every which way. (rapids) | turbulance
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| the darkest part of a shadow | umbra
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| the electrons that are the farthest away from the nucleus of an atom and that are involved in chemical reactions. | valence electrons
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| factors that can change in an experiment. | variable
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| the day that marks the beginning of spring. |
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| (amounts of daylight and darkness are the same; March 21st in Northern Hemisphere) | vernal equinox
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| the term that refers to the physical and chemical break down of material on the Earth. | weathering
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| a simple machine consisting of a device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other. | wedge
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| a simple machine consisting of two circular or cylindrical objects that are fastened together and rotate about a common axis. | wheel and axle
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| the product of force and distance when a force is used to move an object. (W=F x D) | work
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