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Bio: Chapter 26

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Term
Definition
show The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.  
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show A discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.  
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Binomial   show
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show First part of the scientific name. To which the species belongs  
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show Second part of the scientific name. Unique for each species within the genus.  
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show The named taxonomic unit at any level of the hierarchy.  
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Phylogenetic Tree   show
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show System of classification of organisms based on evolutionary relationships : Only groups that include a common ancestor and all of its descendants are named.  
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Polytomy   show
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show Analogous structures that arose independently  
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show The discipline that uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evolutionary relationships.  
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Cladistics   show
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Clades   show
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Monophyletic   show
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Paraphyletic   show
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Polyphyletic   show
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show A character, shared by members of a particular clade, that originated in an ancestor that is not a member of that clade.  
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Shared Derived Character   show
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Outgroup   show
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show A species or group of species whose evolutionary relationships we seek to determine.  
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show A principle that states that when considering multiple explanations for an observation, one should first investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts.  
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show As applied to systematics, a principle that states that when considering multiple phylogenetic hypotheses, one should take into account the hypothesis that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events.  
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show An approach in which features shared by two groups of organisms are predicted to be present in their common ancestor and all of its descendants.  
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show Homologous genes that are found in different species because of speciation.  
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show Homologous genes that are found in the same genome as a result of gene duplication.  
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Molecular Clock   show
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Neutral Theory   show
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Horizontal Gene Transfer   show
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Taxonomy   show
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Sister Taxa   show
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show When a branch point within the tree represents the last common ancestor of all taxa in the tree.  
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Created by: Gianna B
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