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Bio: Chapter 22

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Term
Definition
Evolution   Descent with modifications  
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Strata   Superimposed layers of rock  
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Paleontology   Study of fossils largely developed by French scientist Georges Cuvier  
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Catastrophism   The principle that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by mechanics different from those operating in the present.  
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Uniformitarianism   Mechanics of change are constant over time.  
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Adaptations   Characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments.  
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Natural Selection   A process in which individuals with certain inherited traits leave more offspring than individuals with other traits.  
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Artificial Selection   Humans have modified other species over many generations by selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits.  
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Homology   Similarity resulting from common ancestry.  
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Homologous Structures   Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.  
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Vestigial Structures   Remnants of features that served important functions in the organisms' ancestors but no longer serve a purpose.  
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Evolutionary Tree   Diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups or organisms.  
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Convergent Evolution   The independent evolution of similar features in different lineages.  
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Analogous Structures   Structures that have similar characteristics because of convergent evolution not homology.  
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Biogeography   The geographic distribution of species.  
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Continental Drift   The slow movement of Earth's continents over time.  
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Endemic   Animals and plants on islands are usually endemic which means they are not found anywhere else in the world.  
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Created by: Gianna B
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