Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is stress? | State or moment in which perceived situational demands exceed one's coping ability.
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| Give at least two examples of stress: | Upcoming test, traffic jam, too many classes, relationship problems.
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| How do we feel stress? | Anxiety, panic, irritability, anger, worry.
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| Emotional responses to stress? | Fear, sadness, helplessness, depression.
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| Why do we get stressed? | A signal that our goals are in jeopardy, or that we are not achieving our goals, sends off an "alarm" that tells us to react or pay attention.
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| Stress is an alarm that does what? | Tells us to pay attention or do something.
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| What are the two major views about stress? | Stress is a response or stress is an event.
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| Who developed the Fight or Flight response and when? | Walter Cannon in 1932.
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| What does the FoF response to stress propose? | Proposes that stress stimulates a physiological response, ie fight or flight.
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| How would we think of the FoF responses in more modern situations? | Mental rather than physical responses.
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| Who developed the General Adaptation Syndrome model, and when? | Hans Selye, 1950s.
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| What animal did Selye research stress levels with? | Rats.
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| In the GAS model, a stressor leads directly to what? | An alarm process.
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| In the GAS model, the alarm process leads to what? | Resistance against the stressor.
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| In the GAS model, resistance leads to what? | Exhaustion.
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| What is the main problem with Selye's view of stress? | It assumes that all physiological responses to stress are uniform, failing to account for psychological factors.
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| What are some daily hassles? | Traffic, money concerns, chores.
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| Why are daily hassles important? | The cumulative impact of these smaller events creates stress.
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| Who came up with psychological appraisal theories and when? | Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman in 1984
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| What dimensions seem to be associated with high stress appraisal? | Uncontrollable, ambiguous, high in role conflict.
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| Is stress always a health concern? | No, sometimes stress can be adaptive.
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| A few ways that stress is a health concern? | Ulcers, heart disease, cancer, asthma, migraines, colds/flus, memory loss.
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| Name the two pathways that stress affects health. | Indirect and direct.
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| Name four indirect pathways that stress affects health. | Poor eating habits, poor health behavior, substance abuse, negative reactions.
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| A direct way that stress affects health? | Stress -> heart -> disease.
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| Which two systems does stress affect in the body? | SAM and HPA axis.
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| When activated, the SAM system releases which chemicals? | Catecholamines, like adrenaline
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| What other changes are caused by the SAM activation? | Cardiovascular; increased heart rate, blood pressure. Also, increased sweating.
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| Activation of the HPA axis leads to what? | Release of corticosteroids (like cortisol) in the brain.
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| Can activation of the HPA axis and SAM be adaptive? | Yes.
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| Too much activation of the SAM system is bad for what? | Cardiovascular and immune systems.
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| Too much activation of the HPA axis is bad for what? | Immune system, memory, depression.
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| What does CVR stand for? | Cardiovascular Reactivity.
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