side effects and considerations
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Two rare side effects of centrally acting muscle relaxants are changes in ________ and __________ | heart function, blood pressure
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| Muscle cells damaged from injury become inflamed and spasm, which is involuntary contraction of _______ | muscle fibers
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| immobilization for the affected area, physical therapy, heat and cold packs, ultrasound, and massage are all forms of ____ therapy for muscle relaxation | nondrug
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| _____________ all are generally sedating, some are also used as anticonvulsants and antianxiety agents due to their CNS depressive effects | central nervous system (CNS) depressants
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| ___________ muscle relaxants are frequently used to treat muscle spasms related to acute injury. | centrally acting
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| Which two medications are used chronically for muscle spasticity | baclofen and tizanidine
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| Centrally acting muscle relaxants are often used in conjunction with over the counter and prescription-strength anti-inflammatory drugs such as _______ to control pain and swelling associated with injuries. | ibuprofen
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| The most common side effect of centrally acting muscle relaxants is__________ | sedation
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| Side effects of centrally acting muscle relaxants may include | •drowsiness
•dizziness
•fatigue
•confusion
•headache
•nausea/vomiting
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| Taking centrally acting muscle relaxants with food can help reduce ______ and _______ | nausea,vomiting
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| Because centrally acting muscle relaxants can cause ______ and sometimes changes in mental function, patients should be careful when driving, operating machinery, or making important decisions | sedation
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| What medications that may cause CNS depression should not be taken with muscle relaxants | opioids/narcotic pain drugs, antihistamines, or other controlled substances
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| Centrally acting muscle relaxants interact___________ with and should not be taken in conjunction with them. | monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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| When should patients be referred to their healthcare providers right away because these effects may indicate allergic reaction or liver dysfunction. | If skin rash or yellowing of the eyes occurs
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| ________ and _______ can occur if medication is taken long term | tolerance and dependence
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| When can many centrally acting muscle relaxants cause hallucinations and other withdrawal symptoms | if stopped abruptly
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| _______ is a muscle relaxant that needs heightened monitoring for abuse and addiction,this drug is metabolized by the liver to meprobamate,an antianxiety medication that is a controlled substance with high risk if abuse. | Carisoprodol(Soma)
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| Technicians should alert the pharmacist whenever a patient receives multiple refills at once or request frequent early refills of __________ | Carisoprodol(Soma)
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| ___________ can turn urine brown, black, or green | Methocarbamol
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| ___________is a locally acting muscle relaxant that works by blocking release of ACh in the neuromuscular junction approved for a few select conditions (migraine headache, spasticity, and hyperhidrosis[excessive sweating]) | Botulinum toxin(Botox)
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| Side effects of locally acting muscle relaxants are | •headache
•neck or back pain
•pain/itching at the injection site
•allergic reaction
•difficulty breathing
•heart attack or arrhythmias
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| Dantrolene (Dantrium) is a ______ acting muscle relaxants that works by blocking the intracellular release of calcium and weakening muscle contractility, used for muscle spasticity due to spinal cord injury or cerebral palsy | direct
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| ________ dantrolene is typically kept in emergency drug kits in areas where anesthesia is administered | injectable
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| Side effects of direct acting muscle relaxants are | •drowsiness
•dizziness
•fatigue
•confusion
•impaired judgment
•photosensitivity
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| Dantrolene should be used with great caution in patients with liver disease. Women older than _______tend to have more problems with liver toxicity | thirty-five
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| _________ blockers cause temporary paralysis, these agents are used with anesthesia for short-term muscle relaxation during endotracheal intubation | Neuromuscular
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