click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PHM 125 Muscular 2
side effects and considerations
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Two rare side effects of centrally acting muscle relaxants are changes in ________ and __________ | heart function, blood pressure |
Muscle cells damaged from injury become inflamed and spasm, which is involuntary contraction of _______ | muscle fibers |
immobilization for the affected area, physical therapy, heat and cold packs, ultrasound, and massage are all forms of ____ therapy for muscle relaxation | nondrug |
_____________ all are generally sedating, some are also used as anticonvulsants and antianxiety agents due to their CNS depressive effects | central nervous system (CNS) depressants |
___________ muscle relaxants are frequently used to treat muscle spasms related to acute injury. | centrally acting |
Which two medications are used chronically for muscle spasticity | baclofen and tizanidine |
Centrally acting muscle relaxants are often used in conjunction with over the counter and prescription-strength anti-inflammatory drugs such as _______ to control pain and swelling associated with injuries. | ibuprofen |
The most common side effect of centrally acting muscle relaxants is__________ | sedation |
Side effects of centrally acting muscle relaxants may include | •drowsiness •dizziness •fatigue •confusion •headache •nausea/vomiting |
Taking centrally acting muscle relaxants with food can help reduce ______ and _______ | nausea,vomiting |
Because centrally acting muscle relaxants can cause ______ and sometimes changes in mental function, patients should be careful when driving, operating machinery, or making important decisions | sedation |
What medications that may cause CNS depression should not be taken with muscle relaxants | opioids/narcotic pain drugs, antihistamines, or other controlled substances |
Centrally acting muscle relaxants interact___________ with and should not be taken in conjunction with them. | monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
When should patients be referred to their healthcare providers right away because these effects may indicate allergic reaction or liver dysfunction. | If skin rash or yellowing of the eyes occurs |
________ and _______ can occur if medication is taken long term | tolerance and dependence |
When can many centrally acting muscle relaxants cause hallucinations and other withdrawal symptoms | if stopped abruptly |
_______ is a muscle relaxant that needs heightened monitoring for abuse and addiction,this drug is metabolized by the liver to meprobamate,an antianxiety medication that is a controlled substance with high risk if abuse. | Carisoprodol(Soma) |
Technicians should alert the pharmacist whenever a patient receives multiple refills at once or request frequent early refills of __________ | Carisoprodol(Soma) |
___________ can turn urine brown, black, or green | Methocarbamol |
___________is a locally acting muscle relaxant that works by blocking release of ACh in the neuromuscular junction approved for a few select conditions (migraine headache, spasticity, and hyperhidrosis[excessive sweating]) | Botulinum toxin(Botox) |
Side effects of locally acting muscle relaxants are | •headache •neck or back pain •pain/itching at the injection site •allergic reaction •difficulty breathing •heart attack or arrhythmias |
Dantrolene (Dantrium) is a ______ acting muscle relaxants that works by blocking the intracellular release of calcium and weakening muscle contractility, used for muscle spasticity due to spinal cord injury or cerebral palsy | direct |
________ dantrolene is typically kept in emergency drug kits in areas where anesthesia is administered | injectable |
Side effects of direct acting muscle relaxants are | •drowsiness •dizziness •fatigue •confusion •impaired judgment •photosensitivity |
Dantrolene should be used with great caution in patients with liver disease. Women older than _______tend to have more problems with liver toxicity | thirty-five |
_________ blockers cause temporary paralysis, these agents are used with anesthesia for short-term muscle relaxation during endotracheal intubation | Neuromuscular |