antidepressant
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| Exogenous depression | caused by external factors or life event.
ex: death, unemployment
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| Endogenous depression | originates within the body, (MDD) Major Depressive Disorder
Ex: chemical imbalance in the brain
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| Cause of Mental Depression | low brain level of Norephinephrine and Seretonin
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| What is the role of serotonin and norepinephrine | Treat mental depression by increasing NE and 5HT level
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| Antidepressant | Drugs that can increase the level of norepinephrine or serotonin in the brain are useful in the treatment of mental depression. These drugs take about 2 to 4 weeks to work fully in the body.
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| 3 classifications of antidepressants | Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Tricyclic Antidepressants or (TCAs)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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| Monoamine oxidase (MAO) | Enzyme found in most body cells. The function of MAO is to break down norepinephrine and serotonin
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| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) | Drugs that DECREASE the amounts of NE and 5HT that are DESTROYED. Consequently levels of NE and 5HT in the brain will INCREASE.
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| A pt taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)must | Avoid foods that contain TYRAMINE.
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| Which foods that contain TYRAMINE must one avoid | Ginseng, chocolate, beer, cheese
pickles, olives and avocado
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| Side effects and adverse effects of MAOI | Can produce a type of liver damage.
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| Drug use for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors(MAOI) | Phenylzine (Nardil)
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs) | The main action of the trycyclics is to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
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| Some of the side effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs) | Sedation and anticholinergic effects.
anticholinergic effects are dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention and rapid heart bit.
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs)may produced | Effects in the heart and liver and also cause CNS stimulation
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs)are safer | Compare to the MAOIS
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| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Block the reuptake and inactivation of serotonin in the brain.Fewer side and adverse effects and currently have become the most widely used antidepressant.Have very little action to block cholinergic receptors
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| Drugs for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Sertraline (Zoloft) 50 - 200 mg/day
fluoxetine (Prozac) 20 - 40 mg/day
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| Prozac | Does not mix well with anticoagulants and benzodiazepines. Also effective in the treatment of OCD
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| Side effects of (SSRIs) | involve the CNS and the gastrointestinal tract.
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| Adverse effects of (SSRIs) | 1) Weight loss 2) Insomnia 3) Tremors
4) Nervousness
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| Atypicals SSRIs | Second group of SSRIs and block reuptake of multiple neurotransmitter ( NE, 5HT and Dopamine)
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| Drugs for Atypicals SSRIs | Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
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| Duloxetine (Cymbalata) Escitalopram (Lexapro) | Drug used if you have depression, diabetic neuropathy pain, fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, or chronic pain,
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| Drugs for Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs) | Nortriptyline (Aventyl)
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Doxepin (Sinequan)
Imipramine (Tofranil)
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