classical conditioning
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| Association | A learned connection between two (or more) objects or events - especially significant in classical conditioning.
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| Aversion therapy | A form of treatment using classical conditioning to cause an undesired behaviour to create an unwanted response, thereby reducing the incidence of the behaviour.
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| Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning | Reflexive response elicited by previously neutral stimulus through repeated association.
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| Extinction | When a response no longer occurs - in classical conditioning, when the conditioned stimulus is presented several times after the unconditioned stimulus has been withdrawn.
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| Flooding | Actual exposure of patient to feared stimulus at a level greater than usual.
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| Graduated exposure | A form of treatment using gradually increasing levels of fear-provoking stimuli paired with induced relaxation, thereby reducing the incidence and level of phobic reaction to the stimulus.
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| Learning | A relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience.
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| Neutral stimulus | The name given to the conditioned stimulus before it becomes conditioned. It is referred to as a neutral stimulus while it fails to produce a response.
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| Spontaneous recovery | The reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period.
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| Stimulus discrimination | When an organism responds to the conditioned stimulus but not to any stimulus which is similar to the stimulus.
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| Stimulus generalisation | When an organism responds to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus.
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| Unconditioned (reflex) response | The response that occurs automatically when the unconditioned stimulus is presented. The UCR is a reflexive or involuntary response as it is predictably caused by an unconditioned stimulus.
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| Unconditioned stimulus | Any stimulus which consistently produces a particular naturally occurring automatic response (e.g. the food in Pavlov's experiments).
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