Grade 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Pahoehoe | Fast-moving smooth hot lava that has low viscosity
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| Shield Volcano | A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions
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| Batholiths | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust
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| Geothermal Activity | The beating of underground water by magma
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| Magma | A molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
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| Island Arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep-ocean trench
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| Viscosity | The resistance of a liquid to flowing
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| Aa | Lava that is cooler and slower moving
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| Cinder Cone | A steep, con shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
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| Geyser | A fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals
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| Hot Spot | An area where material from deep within the mantle rises and then melts, forming magma
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| Compound | A substance made of 2 or more elements that have been chemically combined
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| Composite Volcano | A tall cone shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layer of ash and other volcanic materials
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| Caldera | The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses
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| Volcanic Neck | A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe
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| Where do volcanic belts form? | Along the boundaries of Earth's plates
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| Where does a volcano form? | Above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface
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| Each substance has a particular set of... | physical and chemical properties
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| Why do some liquids flow more easily then others? | Because liquids differ in viscosity
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| What does the viscosity of magma depend on? | Its silica content and temperature
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| When a volcano erupts, what does the force of the expanding gases do? | Push magma from the magma chamber through the pipe until it flows
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| What do geologists classify volcanic eruptions as? | Quiet and explosive
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| Geologists use the terms... to describe a volcano's stage of activity | Active, dormant, and extinct
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| What land forms do volcanic eruptions create? | Shield, cinder cone, composite volcanoes, and lava plateaus
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| What features are formed by magma? | Volcanic necks, dikes, sills, and batholiths/dome mountains
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| What are types of geothermal activities that are often found in areas of present or past volcanic activity? | Hot springs and geysers
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| Stress | A force that changes the shape or volume of rock
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| Shearing | Pushes in opposite direction
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| Footwall | The block of rock that goes up in a normal fault
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| Anticline | An upward fold in rock formed by compression of earth's crust
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| P Wave | Seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground like an accordian
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| Mercalli Scale | A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause
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| Seismograph | An instrument that records and measures seismic waves
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| Liquefaction | The process of becoming a liquid
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| Normal Fault | A type of fault where the footwall goes up, caused by tension
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| Reverse Fault | A type of fault where the footwall goes down, caused by compression
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| Syncline | A downward fold in rock formed by compression in earth's crust
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| Focus | Where rock under stress breaks, creating an earthquake
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| S Wave | Seismic wave that vibrates from side to side as well as up and down
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| Magnitude | A number that is assigned to an earthquake based on the size
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| Moment Magnitude Scale | A rating system that estimates the total energy
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| Seismogram | The paper used on a seismograph
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| Hanging Wall | The block of rock that goes down in a normal fault
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| Strike - Slip Fault | A type of fault in which rocks on each side slide past each other in opposite directions
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| Epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the focus
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| Surface Wave | Seismic wave that form when p and s waves reach earths surface
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| Richter Scale | A rating of an earthquakes magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves
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| Where do faults occur? | Along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks
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| The forces of plate movement can change a flat plain into landforms like... | Anticlines, synclines, folded mountains, fault - block mountains, and plateau
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| What are seismic waves? | Waves that carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus, through Earth's interior, and across the surface
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| What are the three commonly used ways of measuring earthquakes? | Mercalli scale, the Richter scale, and the Moment Magnitude scale
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| What do geologists use seismic waves for? | To locate an earthquake's epicenter
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| How do seismographs measure earthquakes? | During an earthquake, seismic waves cause the seismograph's drum to vibrate. but the suspended weight with the pen attached moves very little. Therefore, the pen stays in place and records the drum's vibrations
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| How do geologists monitor faults? | They have developed instruments to measure changes in elevation, tilting of the land surface, and ground movements along faults
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| What devices provide data used to map faults and detect changes along faults? | Seismographs and fault - monitoring devices
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| How do geologists determine earthquake risk? | By locating where faults are active and where the past earthquakes have occurred
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| What are causes of earthquake damage? | Shaking, liquefaction, aftershocks, and tsunamis
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| Whats the best way to protect yourself during an earthquake? | Drop, cover, and hold
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| Meteoroids | Small piece of rock or metal that travels through space
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| When does an eclipse occur? | When the moon's shadow hits earth or earth's shadow hits the moon
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| What features are on the moon's surface? | Maria, craters, and highlands
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| How was the moon formed? | A planet-sized object collided with earth
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| Geocentic | representing earth as the center
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| Heliocentric | representing the sun as the center
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| Convection Zone | Area between stars core and photosphere (inside hot plasma rise)
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| Sunspot | Dark, cool area on the suns surface
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| Solar Wind | Heat from sun
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| Greenhouse Effect | Trapping of suns warmth for planet
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| Comets | Loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles whose orbits are usually very long, narrow ellipses
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| Kuiper Belt | Area of solar system past Neptune
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| Asteroid Belt | The area where asteroids are mostly located
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| Meteorite | A mass of stone or metal that has reached earth from outer space
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| Photosphere | Part of star that gives off heat
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| Prominence | Most Important
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| Corona | Unique gas from sun and stars
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| Gas Giant | a large planet of relatively low density consisting predominantly of hydrogen and helium, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune.
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| Coma | Cloud surrounding head of comet
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| Oort Cloud | Area of solar system beyond Pluto
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| Meteoroid | a small body moving in the solar system
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| Ellipse | Oval shape
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| Chromosphere | a reddish gaseous layer immediately above the photo sphere of the sun or another star.
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| Solar Flare | Burst of radiation from suns surface
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| Terrestrial planets | Earth-like planets made up of rocks or metals with a hard surface
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| Nucleus | Center and most important part of object
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| Meteor | Flying rock in space
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| What is the difference between the geocentric system and the heliocentric? | In the G System: Earth is the center of the revolving planets and stars
In the H System: Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
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| What did Galileo's discoveries support? | Heliocentric model
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| What did Kepler find? | That the orbit of each planet is an ellipse
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| Describe the sun | Its interior consists of the core, radiation zone, and convection zone. Its atmosphere consists of the photosphere, chromosome, and corona
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| What are the features on or just above the suns surface? | Sunspot, prominence, and solar flares
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| Describe the four inner planets | Small and dense and have rocky surfaces
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| Which planet is the smallest terrestrial planet? | Mercury
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| Whos internal structure is similar to earth's? | Venus
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| What do scientists think was on Mars surface in the distant past? | A large amount of liquid water
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| Which planets are bigger and more massive than earth? | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (dont have solid surfaces)
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| Which planet is the largest and most massive planet? | Jupiter
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| Uranuss axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of... from the vertical | 90 degrees
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| What do most asteroids do? | Revolve around the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
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| Where do meteoroids come from? | Comets and Asteroids
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| Weathering | Breaking down of rocks and other materials of earths surface
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| Chemical Weathering | Weathering that changes the chemical makeup of rocks
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| Mechanical weathering | Weathering in which the chemical makeup of rocks does not change
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| Ice Wedging | Mechanical weathering caused by the freezing and melting of water
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| Oxidation Substance | Chemical change that occurs when oxygen reacts with another
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| Hydrolysis | Reaction that occurs when minerals with little water content react with water
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| Carvonation | Chemical reaction that occurs when carbonic acid reacts with certain minerals
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| Acid Rain | Rain containing acids produced by water chemically combing with certain gases
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| What can changes in temperature do to rocks? | Break them apart
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| Where are most chemical weathering from? | Hydrolysis, which is water reacting with water poor substances
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| What does carbonation do to minerals in rocks? | Break down. Plants also produce acids that cause chemical weathering
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| What is weathering affected by? | Moisture and temperature
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