Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes
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| (1) What is a shield volcano? | A broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.
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| (2) What is a cinder cone Volcano? | The weakest volcano. They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent.
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| (3) What is a composite volcano? | The most powerful. built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.
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| (4) What is a pahoehoe lava flow? | Hot, fast moving, fluid, flows like water.
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| (5) What is a aa lava flow? | Cool, moves slowly, has more silica, thick.
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| (6) What is a pyroclastic lava flow? | Flow, most dangerous, composed of gases, cinder, ash, as thick, sticky lava.
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| (7) What is magma? | An extremely hot molten material that contains dissolved gases.
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| (8) What is lava? | Lava that got to the surface.
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| (9) What is a crater? | A "bowl" where lava collects near the vent.
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| (10) What is a vent? | Where magma leaves the vent and gets released at the surface.
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| (11) What is a side vent? | Forms when magma sometimes finds its way out of the volcano a different way, other than the vent.
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| (12) What is a magma chamber? | A big underground chamber where magma rises through the pipe, out of the volcano from it's vent.
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| (13) What is a pipe? | A uneven, narrow crack in the volcano that leads upward, towards the vent and allows magma to reach the surface.
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| (14) What is a lava flow? | A rive of lava that flows down, along the volcano and the land beneath it.
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| (15) What is a hot spot? | An area where magma burns through the crust like a blow torch.
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| (16) What is a geyser? | A jet of very hot water that shoots up, out of the ground.
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| (17) What does extinct mean? | A volcano that will never erupt again.
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| (18) What is caldera? | A large crater that is produced when a volcano empties it's magma chamber.
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| (19) What is the Ring of Fire? | A chain of volcanoes around the pacific plate.
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| (20) What does dormant mean? | A "sleeping" volcano that could erupt again.
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| (21) What does explosive mean? | A type of eruption that produces pyroclastic flows.
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| (22) What is silica? | A combination of oxygen and silicon.
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| (23) What is a hot spring? | A pool of water that is heated up by magma.
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| (24) What does active mean? | A volcano that is erupting or will erupt again very soon.
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| (25) What does quiet mean? | An eruption that produces aa and pyroclastic lava.
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| (26) What is a volcanic neck? | What forms when magma in a volcano's pipe cools off.
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| (27) What is a batholith? | What is formed when a volcano's magma chamber cools off.
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| (28) What is a divergent plate boundary? | A divergent plate boundary moves the crust on top of it way from each other.
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| (29) What is a convergent plate boundary? | A convergent plate boundary moves the crust on top of it into each other.
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| (30) What is a transform plate boundary? | A transform plate boundary slides the crust on top of it across each other.
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| (31) What is shearing? | A type of stress that scrapes rock against each other in opposite directions(transform boundary).
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| (32) What is tension? | A type of stress that stretches rock apart (divergent boundary).
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| (33) What is compression? | A type of stress that squeezes rock (convergent boundary).
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| (34) What is a strike- slip fault? | A fault that slides against both sides in opposite directions (shearing and transform boundary).
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| (35) What is a normal fault? | A fault that pulls away from it's sides (tension and divergent boundary).
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| (36) What is a reverse fault? | A fault that pushes it's sides into each other (compression and convergent boundary).
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| (37) What is folding? | The bending of rock upwards and downwards.
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| (38) What is an anticline? | An "up" fold caused by compression stress
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| (39) What is a syncline? | A "down" fold caused by compression stress
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| (40) What is a plateau? | A flat area of high land
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| (41) What is a tidal wave? | Large waves that are caused by earthquakes.
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| (42) What is a tsunami? | A series of tidal waves cased by the moon's gravitational pull.
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| (43) What are the three main scales? | The Mercalli Scale, the Richter Scale, and the Moment Magnitude Scale.
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| (44) What are the three seismic waves? | P waves, S waves, and Surface waves.
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| (45) What is stress? | A force that changes the amount of space or the shape of a rock.
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| (46) What is deformation? | Any change in a rock's volume or shape that was cased by stress.
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| (47) What is the focus? | The exact point where an earthquake happened (in the mantle).
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| (48) What is the epicenter? | The point directly above the focus where the earthquake happened (on the crust).
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