merrills ch 8
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| which two vertebral curvatures are anteriorly concave? |
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| which two vertebral curves are kyphotic curves? |
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| which two vertebral curves are primary curves? |
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| which spinal condition involves an excessive dorsal curvature of the thoracic vertebral column? |
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| which abnormal spinal condition involves any lateral curvature of the vertebral column? |
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| what is the name of the short, thick bony process that project posteriorly from the lateral and superior aspects of vertebral bodies of typical vertebrae |
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| from the junction of which two vertebral structures do transverse processes originate in typical vertebrae? |
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| which vertebral structures unite at the origin of the spinous process of a typical vertebra? |
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| which structures of a typical vertebra are the zygapophyses? |
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| on which structure is the dens located? |
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| which structure is known as the "atlas'? |
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| which structure is known as the "axis"? |
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| on which structure is the dens located? |
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| which cervical vertebral structures are perforated with a foramen for the passage of the vertebral artery and vein? |
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| which vertebral structures have bifid tips? |
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| with reference to the midsaggital plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in cervical vertebrae? |
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| with reference to the midsaggital plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in thoracic vertebrae? |
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| thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical anhd lumbar vertebrae because thoracic vertebrae have: |
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| which structures articulate with vertebral demifacets? |
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| with reference to the midsaggital plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in lumbar vertebrae? |
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| lumbar vertebrae differ from cervical and thoracic vertebrae because lumbar vertebrae have: |
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| which part of the sacrum form the joints with the ilia of the pelvis? |
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| the AP projection that demonstrates the dens using the Fuchs method differs from the AP projection (open mouth) because the Fuchs method: |
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| the radiographer should NOT use the Fuchs method to obtain an AP projection of the dens if the patient is: |
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| which projection of the cervical vertebrae demonstrates the dens imaged within the foramen magnum? |
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| which cervical structures are best demonstrated with the AP projection (open mouth) |
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| how should the central ray be directed for the AP projection (open mouth) |
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| how and where should the central ray be directed for the AP axial projection of the cervical vertebral column? |
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| how should the IR be positioned for the AP axial projection of the cervical vertebral column? |
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| for which projection of the cervical vertebrae should the central ray be angled 15-20 degrees cephalad? |
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| which evaluation criterion does not apply to the AP axial projection of the cervical vertebral column? |
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| which projection of the cervical vertebral column requires a 72' SID? |
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| which maneuver should be used to help obtain maximum depression of the shoulders in the lateral projection of the cervical vertebral column? |
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| what should be done so that the magnified shoulder farthest from the IR is projected below the lower cervical vertebrae for the lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae? |
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| what should be done to prevent mandibular rami from superimposing cervical vertebrae in the lateral projection of the cervical vertebral column? |
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| what should be done to reduce the magnification caused by the increase object to image distance in the lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae? |
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| what is the recommended size of the collimated field for the lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae? |
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| which projections of the cervical vertebrae demonstrates the spinous processes elevated and widely separated? |
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| which projection of the cervical vertebrae demonstrates the spinous processes depressed and in close approximation? |
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| which projection of the cervical vertebrae must be exposed with a horizontal and perpendicular central ray? |
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| how should the central ray be directed for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical vertebral column? |
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| which projection of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina? |
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| which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the left intervertebral foramina when the central ray is angled 15 to 20 degrees cephalad? |
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| which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina when the CR is angled 15-20 degrees caudad |
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| how many degrees from supine or the anatomic position should the entire body be rotated for the AP |
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