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Flashcards for Miss DiVito's 7th grade end of year review

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Term
Definition
Meiosis   A Special type of cell division or cell cycle undergone by body cells in order to turn them into sex cells,necessary for sexual reproduction.In Meiosis, the Mitosis cell cylce happens twice ending with the creation of 4 cells with 1/2 the genetic material  
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Metaphase   The stage of Mitosis and Meiosis in which condensed and highly coiled chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the middle of the cell  
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Mitosis   The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei  
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Prophase   The stage of Mitosis or Meiosis in which the chromatin condenses into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome in which the chromatin becomes visible  
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Telophase   The stage of Mitosis or Meiosis when two daughter form around each pair of chromatids in the new cell. Telophase accounts for approximately 2% of the cell cycle's duration  
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Alleles   The different forms of a gene  
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Dominant Allele   The form of a gene whose charecteristics will be displayed if the Allele is present  
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Genotype   The genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait,set of traits,or an entire complex of traits.  
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Phenotype   The appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the enviroment  
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Probability   The relitive possibility that an event will occur, as expressed by the ratio of number of actual occurrences to the total number of possible occurrences  
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Punnett Squares   A Type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross.  
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Recessive Allele   The form of a gene whose charecteristics will only be displayed if in the presence of a matching copy of the same Allele  
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Biological Inheritance   This is the process in which a living organism produces another organism that shares its same traits  
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Environmental Factors   The expression of genes in an organism can be influenced by the environment. External Factors can still influence the way an organism develops and functions  
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Genetic Disorder   This is caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes.Some Genetic Disorders are passed down from the parents' genes, but others are always or almost always caused by new mutations or changes to the DNA  
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Platelets   Small,round cell fragments containing no nuclei that are found in the blood and help in the clotting of blood.  
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Red Blood Cells   A disk-shaped cell in the blood that contains hemogoblin,lacks a nucleus,and tranports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues  
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Valve   A flap-like stucture in a hollow organ,such as the heart,that controls the one-way passage of fluid through that organ  
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Vein   Any of the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the body's cells,tissue,and organs  
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Ventricle   A chamber of the heart that recives blood from one or more Atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into arteries  
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White Blood Cells   Colorless cells in the blood that help combat infection  
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