AP Psych AP Exam
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| case study | studies 1 person or a small group in depth
🗑
|
||||
| naturalistic observation | observe in natural setting
🗑
|
||||
| correlation | relationship between 2 variables
🗑
|
||||
| experimental research | studies cause and effect
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of descriptive research | survey, case study, naturalistic observation
🗑
|
||||
| hypothesis | testable, declarative statement
🗑
|
||||
| 3 parts of ethics for humans | informed consent, scientific benefit outweighs harm, debrief
🗑
|
||||
| normal curve percentages in order (least to greatest) | .1, 2, 14, 34
🗑
|
||||
| 1(neuron firing) resting potential | ready to go
🗑
|
||||
| 2(neuron firing) dendrites recieve message | nucleus begins firing
🗑
|
||||
| 3(neuron firing) depolarization | switch from negative to positive charge
🗑
|
||||
| 2 elements in neuron firing | potassium and sodium
🗑
|
||||
| 4(neuron firing) threshold | firing point
🗑
|
||||
| 5(neuron firing) action potential | neural impulse
🗑
|
||||
| 6(neuron firing) release of | neurotransmitters
🗑
|
||||
| 7(neuron firing) hyperpolarization | recharging of the neuron- can't fire
🗑
|
||||
| refractory period for neurons | can't fire
🗑
|
||||
| 8(neuron firing) reuptake | take up extra neurotransmitters
🗑
|
||||
| AcH | movement and memory
🗑
|
||||
| Seratonin | mood, hunger, thirst
🗑
|
||||
| Dopamine | thinking, percieving
🗑
|
||||
| Norepenephrin | adrenaline
🗑
|
||||
| glutamate | excitatory
🗑
|
||||
| GABA | inhibitatory
🗑
|
||||
| agonist | mimics
🗑
|
||||
| antagonist | blocks
🗑
|
||||
| reuptake inhibitor neurotransmitter | Seratonin
🗑
|
||||
| sensory neurons carry _ messages | incoming
🗑
|
||||
| motor neurons carry _ messages | outgoing
🗑
|
||||
| Endorphins | pain control
🗑
|
||||
| Central Nervous System | brain and spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| interneurons | 2 way
🗑
|
||||
| Peripheral Nervous System | all but brain and spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| autonomic nervous system | automatic functions
🗑
|
||||
| somatic nervous system | voluntary functions
🗑
|
||||
| parasympathetic nervous system | calming
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic nervous system | excites
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine system | glands
🗑
|
||||
| plasticity | brain's ability to change
🗑
|
||||
| aphasia | impairment of language
🗑
|
||||
| PET | brain activity
🗑
|
||||
| MRI | brain structures
🗑
|
||||
| EEG | brain waves
🗑
|
||||
| transduction | turning energy into neural impulses
🗑
|
||||
| absolute threshold | minimum detection
🗑
|
||||
| difference threshold | just noticable difference
🗑
|
||||
| signal detection | no absolute threshold
🗑
|
||||
| sensory adaptation | getting used to stimuli and not noticing it
🗑
|
||||
| top-down processing | high level thinking- expectations of what to see
🗑
|
||||
| light wavelength | hue
🗑
|
||||
| light amplitude | brightness
🗑
|
||||
| tri-chromatic theory | 3 cones= red, blue, green
🗑
|
||||
| opponent-process theory | red&green, yellow&blue, black&white
🗑
|
||||
| place theory | hairs that detect certain pitches
🗑
|
||||
| frequency theory | hairs vibrate at different frequencies
🗑
|
||||
| conduction hearing loss | structure damage
🗑
|
||||
| sensorimotor hearing loss | hair damage
🗑
|
||||
| olfaction | smell
🗑
|
||||
| gustation | taste
🗑
|
||||
| 5 types of taste | sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
🗑
|
||||
| vestibular sense | balance @ semicircular canal
🗑
|
||||
| kinesthesis | movement
🗑
|
||||
| sensory interaction | smell & taste
🗑
|
||||
| gestalt | wholes
🗑
|
||||
| 5 types of gestalt | figure-ground, proximity, similarity, closure, continuity/connectedness
🗑
|
||||
| 2 binocular cues | retinal disparity & convergence
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of ESP | telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition
🗑
|
||||
| telepathy | read others' thoughts
🗑
|
||||
| clairvoyance | know things about people in their presence
🗑
|
||||
| precognition | predict the future
🗑
|
||||
| circadian rhythm | 24 hour clock
🗑
|
||||
| Sleep stage 1 wave | alpha
🗑
|
||||
| sleep stage 2 wave and addition | alpha and sleep spindles
🗑
|
||||
| sleep stage 3 wave | theta
🗑
|
||||
| sleep stage 4 wave | delta
🗑
|
||||
| REM sleep wave | beta
🗑
|
||||
| sleep apnea | snoring
🗑
|
||||
| sonombulism | sleep walking
🗑
|
||||
| dream theory | wish fulfillment
🗑
|
||||
| (hypnosis) social-actor theory | pretend roles
🗑
|
||||
| (hypnosis) dissociation | split consciousness
🗑
|
||||
| addiction cycle of drugs (4) | tolerance, dependence, addiction, withdrawl
🗑
|
||||
| 2 depressants | alcohol and opiates
🗑
|
||||
| 2 stimulants | caffine and cocaine
🗑
|
||||
| 2 hallucinogens | LSD and marijuana
🗑
|
||||
| Classical Conditioning | stimulus --> response
🗑
|
||||
| acquisition | learning process
🗑
|
||||
| extinction | learning disappears
🗑
|
||||
| spontaneous recovery | reappearance of learning
🗑
|
||||
| generalization | respond to similar stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| discrimination | don't respond to similar stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| operant conditioning | reinforcement and punishment
🗑
|
||||
| positive reinforcement | add like
🗑
|
||||
| negative reinforcement | subtract dislike
🗑
|
||||
| immediate reinforcement | right away
🗑
|
||||
| delayed reinforcement | wait
🗑
|
||||
| primary reinforcers | necessities
🗑
|
||||
| secondary reinforcers | wants
🗑
|
||||
| continuous reinforcement | everytime
🗑
|
||||
| partial reinforcement | sometimes
🗑
|
||||
| fixed interval schedule of reinforcement | set time
🗑
|
||||
| fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement | set number of responses
🗑
|
||||
| variable interval schedule of reinforcement | varying time
🗑
|
||||
| variable ratio schedule of reinforcement | varying number of resopnses
🗑
|
||||
| shaping | guiding behavior with reinforcers
🗑
|
||||
| positive punishment | add dislike
🗑
|
||||
| negative punishment | subtract like
🗑
|
||||
| modeling | observe and imitating behavior
🗑
|
||||
| mirror neurons allow | mimic behavior
🗑
|
||||
| learned helplessness caused by | repeated aversive events
🗑
|
||||
| latent learning | symbolic learning
🗑
|
||||
| insight | sudden realization
🗑
|
||||
| intrinsic motivation | for one's own self
🗑
|
||||
| extrinsic motivation | for a reward
🗑
|
||||
| 3 stages of memory | sensory, short term, long term
🗑
|
||||
| 3 processes of memory | encoding, storage, retrieval
🗑
|
||||
| sensory memory size | unlimited
🗑
|
||||
| short term memory size | 7 +/- 2 items
🗑
|
||||
| chunking | grouping
🗑
|
||||
| method of Loci | locations
🗑
|
||||
| long term memory size | unlimited
🗑
|
||||
| episodic memory | events and facts
🗑
|
||||
| semantic memory | meanings
🗑
|
||||
| procedural memory | processes
🗑
|
||||
| recognition | recognize (multiple choice)
🗑
|
||||
| recall | know (essay)
🗑
|
||||
| serial position effect | remember start and end
🗑
|
||||
| primacy in serial position effect | beginning
🗑
|
||||
| recency in serial position effect | end
🗑
|
||||
| retroactive interference (forgetting) | new information interferes with old
🗑
|
||||
| proactive interference (forgetting) | old information interferes with new
🗑
|
||||
| antrograde amnesia | can't form new memories
🗑
|
||||
| retrograde amnesia | can't remember old memories
🗑
|
||||
| long-term potentiation | more learning makes more capacity
🗑
|
||||
| phonemes | smallest unit of sound
🗑
|
||||
| morphemes | smallest unit of meaning
🗑
|
||||
| two-word speech | telegraphic speech
🗑
|
||||
| language needs 2 things | syntax and semantics
🗑
|
||||
| syntax | sentence structure
🗑
|
||||
| semantics | meaning
🗑
|
||||
| prototype | best representation
🗑
|
||||
| algorithms | all possibilities
🗑
|
||||
| heuristics | short cuts
🗑
|
||||
| availability heuristic | first available explanation
🗑
|
||||
| representative heuristic | based on prototype
🗑
|
||||
| convergent thinking | one solution
🗑
|
||||
| schema | mental group of similar objects
🗑
|
||||
| accommodate | change prototype
🗑
|
||||
| mental set | approach problem in a particular way
🗑
|
||||
| belief bias | stick to belief after being discredited
🗑
|
||||
| intuition | automatic
🗑
|
||||
| framing | way a question is asked
🗑
|
||||
| drive reduction theory | needs-->drives-->motivated to reduce drive
🗑
|
||||
| homeostasis | biological balance
🗑
|
||||
| Yerkes-Dodson law | perform better at moderate level of arousal
🗑
|
||||
| level 1 (base) hierarchy of needs | physiological needs
🗑
|
||||
| level 2 hierarchy of needs | safety
🗑
|
||||
| level 3 hierarchy of needs | love and belonging
🗑
|
||||
| level 4 hierarchy of needs | self-esteem
🗑
|
||||
| level 5 (top) hierarchy of needs | self-actualization
🗑
|
||||
| lateral hypothalamus says | eat
🗑
|
||||
| ventromedial hypothalamus says | i'm full
🗑
|
||||
| set point theory | ideal weight
🗑
|
||||
| sexual response cycle in order | excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
🗑
|
||||
| Management theory X | workers are lazy, extrinsic
🗑
|
||||
| Management theory Y | workers are self motivated if have responsibility
🗑
|
||||
| approach-approach conflict | met conflict head on
🗑
|
||||
| approach-avoidance conflict | avoid conflict
🗑
|
||||
| James-Lange theory of emotion | physiological feeling --> emotion
🗑
|
||||
| Canon Bard theory of emotion | physiological feeling and emotion at the same time
🗑
|
||||
| two-factor theory of emotion | physiological feeling-->label-->emotion
🗑
|
||||
| facial feedback | physical determines emotion
🗑
|
||||
| stress rating scale (SSRS) measured in | life changing units (LCU)
🗑
|
||||
| General adaptation syndrom (GAS) 3 stages of stress | alarm, resistance, exhaustion
🗑
|
||||
| type A personality | competitive, hard working, agressive
🗑
|
||||
| type B personality | easygoing, relaxed
🗑
|
||||
| prenatal stages | conception, zygote, embryo, fetus
🗑
|
||||
| teratogens | harms fetus
🗑
|
||||
| rooting reflex | turn to find food
🗑
|
||||
| moro reflex | startle-->fetal position
🗑
|
||||
| babinski reflex | pull feet in
🗑
|
||||
| maturation | order of development
🗑
|
||||
| Harry Harlow experiment | monkey moms
🗑
|
||||
| Mary Ainsworth experiment | children feeling secure
🗑
|
||||
| authoritarian parenting style | rules
🗑
|
||||
| permissive parenting style | no rules
🗑
|
||||
| authoritative parenting style | rules but flexible
🗑
|
||||
| gender roles | expected gender behaviors
🗑
|
||||
| gender identity | personal sense of gender
🗑
|
||||
| gender schema | society recipe for gender
🗑
|
||||
| temperment | emotional reactivity
🗑
|
||||
| fluid intelligence | speed of reasoning
🗑
|
||||
| crystallized intelligence | knowledge
🗑
|
||||
| Freud's 3 parts of personality | id, ego, superego
🗑
|
||||
| id | unconscious (pleasure principle)
🗑
|
||||
| superego | conscious (morals)
🗑
|
||||
| ego | reality principle
🗑
|
||||
| defense mechanisms | repression, denial, rationalization, displacement, projection
🗑
|
||||
| Adler | inferiority complex
🗑
|
||||
| Jung's collective unconscious | shared memories from human history
🗑
|
||||
| Raymond Catell (personality) | 16 trait clusters
🗑
|
||||
| Big 5 (personality) acronym | CANOE
🗑
|
||||
| CANOE stands for | Conscientious, agreeable, neurotic, openness, extroversion
🗑
|
||||
| reciprocal determinism | you get what you give
🗑
|
||||
| self efficacy | willingness to stand up for self
🗑
|
||||
| internal locus of control | determine own fate
🗑
|
||||
| external locus of control | outside forces control
🗑
|
||||
| Roger's unconditional positive regard | total acceptance of others
🗑
|
||||
| Projective tests | provide ambiguous stimuli to show inner self
🗑
|
||||
| TAT test | stories on photos
🗑
|
||||
| MMPI | most used personality test
🗑
|
||||
| Barnum effect (personality) | people fooled by generic descriptions
🗑
|
||||
| standardization (tests) | scores are meaningful
🗑
|
||||
| reliable (tests) | scores are consistent
🗑
|
||||
| 2 ways to test reliability of test | split half and test retest
🗑
|
||||
| validity (tests) | test measures what its supposed to
🗑
|
||||
| criterion | what makes a test valid
🗑
|
||||
| Spearman (intelligence) | general intelligence (g)
🗑
|
||||
| general intelligence (g) | specific mental abilities
🗑
|
||||
| Howard Gardner (intelligence) | 8 intelligences
🗑
|
||||
| Robert Sternberg (intelligence) | 3 intelligences
🗑
|
||||
| Sternberg's 3 intelligences | analytical, practical, creative
🗑
|
||||
| Alfred-Binet | mental age
🗑
|
||||
| Stanford-Binet test | IQ test
🗑
|
||||
| IQ equation | mental age/real age * 100
🗑
|
||||
| IQ below _ is disable | eighty five
🗑
|
||||
| IQ above _ is gifted | one hundred and fifteen
🗑
|
||||
| flynn effect (intelligence) | rise in IQ scores over decades
🗑
|
||||
| Abnormal behavior must be (3ds) | deviant, distressful, dysfunctional
🗑
|
||||
| DSM IV | manual to diagnose disorders
🗑
|
||||
| part 1 of the DSM IV | clinical disorder
🗑
|
||||
| last part of the DSM IV | global assessment (1-100)
🗑
|
||||
| generalized anxiety disorder | constant anxiety
🗑
|
||||
| phobia | irrational fear
🗑
|
||||
| panic disorder | panic attacks
🗑
|
||||
| OCD | obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
🗑
|
||||
| PTSD | flashbacks and nightmares
🗑
|
||||
| Somatoform disorders | somatic (bodily) symptoms without physical cause
🗑
|
||||
| Hypochondriasis | thinks normal things are major symptoms
🗑
|
||||
| Conversion | physical symptoms, no psychological basis
🗑
|
||||
| Dissociative disorders | conscious awareness is separated
🗑
|
||||
| Amnesia | forgetting
🗑
|
||||
| Fugue state | lose sense of identity and wander away
🗑
|
||||
| DID (dissociative identity disorder) | multiple personalities
🗑
|
||||
| Major depressive disorder | depression for 2+ weeks
🗑
|
||||
| SAD (mood disorder) | depression in winter
🗑
|
||||
| bipolar | alternate between depression and mania
🗑
|
||||
| dysthymic | depression for 2+ years
🗑
|
||||
| Schizophrenia 3 parts | delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate thoughts
🗑
|
||||
| delusions | false beliefs (persecution/grandeur)
🗑
|
||||
| hallucinations | hearing things/seeing things
🗑
|
||||
| flat effect | emotionless
🗑
|
||||
| catatonia | excitement or stupor
🗑
|
||||
| Antisocial personality disorder | lack of conscience for wrongdoing
🗑
|
||||
| Philippe Pinel | medical model
🗑
|
||||
| medical model | diagnose, treat, cure
🗑
|
||||
| free association | saying what comes to mind
🗑
|
||||
| resistance | blocking anxiety bringing thoughts
🗑
|
||||
| transference | transfer emotions to therapist
🗑
|
||||
| counter conditioning | evoke a new response to a stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| systematic desensitization | increase anxiety bringing stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| rational-emotive therapy | combine cognitive and behavioral therapy
🗑
|
||||
| anti-anxity drug | xanax
🗑
|
||||
| anti-depressant drug | prozac
🗑
|
||||
| antipsychotic drug | thorzine
🗑
|
||||
| drug for bipolar disorder | lithium
🗑
|
||||
| attitude | belief and feelings
🗑
|
||||
| mere exposure effect | increased exposure = increased like
🗑
|
||||
| central persuasion | deep/thoughtful
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral persuasion | images
🗑
|
||||
| cognitive dissonance | attitude and behavior should agree
🗑
|
||||
| attribution theory | explain others' behaviors by situation and disposition
🗑
|
||||
| fundamental attribution error | attribute behavior only to disposition
🗑
|
||||
| false-consensus effect | overestimate others' agreement with us
🗑
|
||||
| self-serving bias | behavior benefits me
🗑
|
||||
| just world bias | the world is just and fair
🗑
|
||||
| ethocentrism | our culture is better
🗑
|
||||
| superordinate goals | overriding group goals
🗑
|
||||
| conformity | adjust to fit the group
🗑
|
||||
| social facilitation | stronger resopnse to simple task with others present
🗑
|
||||
| social loafing | people in group exert less effort
🗑
|
||||
| group polarization | discussion in the group
🗑
|
||||
| bystander effect | less likely to help with others present
🗑
|
||||
| cerebral cortex | information processing
🗑
|
||||
| corpus callosum | connects hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| thalamus | sensory switchboard
🗑
|
||||
| hippocampus | memory
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus | maintenance activities and rewards/emotions
🗑
|
||||
| amygdala | emotions
🗑
|
||||
| cerebellum | movement and balance
🗑
|
||||
| reticular formation | arousal
🗑
|
||||
| pons | sleep and dreams
🗑
|
||||
| pituitary galnd | endocrine system
🗑
|
||||
| medulla | heartbeat and breathing
🗑
|
||||
| brainstem | autonomic responses
🗑
|
||||
| frontal lobe | personality and judgement
🗑
|
||||
| temporal lobe | hearing
🗑
|
||||
| occipital lobe | sight
🗑
|
||||
| parietal lobe | touch and body position
🗑
|
||||
| sensory cortex | body touch and movement
🗑
|
||||
| motor cortex | voluntary movements
🗑
|
||||
| broca's area | muscle movement in speech
🗑
|
||||
| wernicke's area | language comprehension
🗑
|
||||
| angular gyrus | reading
🗑
|
||||
| nodes of ranvier | speed up
🗑
|
||||
| 1 cornea (eye) | protects eye
🗑
|
||||
| 2 iris (eye) | colored and controls size of pupil
🗑
|
||||
| 3 pupil (eye) | opening where light enters
🗑
|
||||
| 4 lens (eye) | focus light on the retina
🗑
|
||||
| 5 retina (eye) | contains rods and cones
🗑
|
||||
| rods | neutral colors
🗑
|
||||
| cones | bright colors
🗑
|
||||
| 6 fovea (eye) | central focal point
🗑
|
||||
| 7 blind spot (eye) | connects to the optic nerve
🗑
|
||||
| 8 optic nerve (eye) | connects to the brain
🗑
|
||||
| order of light into the eye | cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, fovea, blind spot, optic nerve
🗑
|
||||
| order of sound into ear | eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window, semicircular canals, cochlea, auditory nerve
🗑
|
||||
| eardrum | vibrates
🗑
|
||||
| hammer, anvil, and stirrup | concentrate vibrations
🗑
|
||||
| oval window | entrance to cochlea
🗑
|
||||
| cochlea | trigger neural impulses
🗑
|
||||
| auditory nerve | connects to brain
🗑
|
||||
| Freud's development stages in order | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
🗑
|
||||
| Piaget's development stages in order | sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operations
🗑
|
||||
| sensorimotor (piaget) | object permanence (0-2)
🗑
|
||||
| preoperational (piaget) | conservation (2-6)
🗑
|
||||
| concrete operational (piaget) | math (6-11)
🗑
|
||||
| formal operational (piaget) | abstract logic (12-?)
🗑
|
||||
| infancy (erikson) | trust vs mistrust
🗑
|
||||
| early childhood (erikson) | autonomy vs shame
🗑
|
||||
| play age (erikson) | initiative vs guilt
🗑
|
||||
| school age (erikson) | industry vs inferiority
🗑
|
||||
| adolescence (erikson) | identity vs confusion
🗑
|
||||
| early adulthood (erikson) | intimacy vs isolation
🗑
|
||||
| adulthood (erikson) | generativity vs stagnation
🗑
|
||||
| old age (erikson) | integrity vs despair
🗑
|
||||
| Kohlberg's moral development stages in order | preconventional, conventional, postconventional
🗑
|
||||
| preconventional (kohlberg) | self-interest, rewards/punishment
🗑
|
||||
| conventional (kohlberg) | what is expected
🗑
|
||||
| postconventional (kohlberg) | rights and justice
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jducttape
Popular Psychology sets