Peds GI, Respiratiry, ETC
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| Nasopharyngitis | "Common cold" Fever, irritability, restlessness, Decreased fluid intake, Vomiting and diarrhea, dryness irritation of the nose and throat
Home Management: Antipyretics (fever and pain)
Humidified Air, Rest
Increase fluids, suction, and HOB
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| Tonsillitis (URI) | Inflammation of the palatine tonsils;
S/S: Sore throat, fever, malaise
Red inflamed tonsils, Pus pockets
TX: Cold/frozen non acidic fluids to help throat and dehydration; ABX or Antipyretics
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| Pharyngitis (URI) | Pharynx inflamed; HA, fever, sore throat, pain
Throat culture to rule out strep
Nursing Considerations: Throat swab for rapid strep; Cold or warm compress to neck; cool liquids or ice chips (don't force child to eat)
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| Tonsillectomy | Highest risk for bleeding at 24hrs and 10 days post op;
liquids & soft foods only (nothing red)
frequent inspection of scabs (should fall out in 10 days)
pain meds & ice collar
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| Influenza (URI) | Can be subclinical to severe; Dry cough, hoarseness, dry nasal mucosa. Can lead to pneumonia, otitis media, and sinustis
Prevention: Immunizations
Nursing Considerations: Relieve symptoms; watcch for s/s of a secondary infection may need abx
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| Otitis Media | Infection of the middle ear
Nursing considerations: No water in ears if ear tubes in place until tubes fall out
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| Croup Syndrome | Hoarseness, "barking" cough, inspiratory stridor,varying degrees of respiratory distress;
Affects the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
TX: Keep airway open(priority), cool mist, quiet environment, keep pt calm and limit visitors
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| Acute Epiglottis (Croup) | *MEDICAL EMERGENCY NO THROAT CULTURES!!
Sore throat, pain, tripod positioning, retractions, fever, inspiratory stridor, mild hypoxia, distress E.equipment intubation @ bedside Tx: Airway, Humid O2, ABX, racemic epi, corticosteroids Prevention: Hib Vacc
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| Acute Laryngitis (Croup) | Hoarseness,Sore throat, congestion, fever, HA, malaise. More common in older child
TX: Fluids, humid air, symptomatic
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| Acute LTB (Croup) | Most Common of croup
Inspiratory stridor, Suprasternal retractions, barking/seal-like cough; increasing respiratory distress&hypoxia
Can progress to respiratory acidosis, respiratory failure, and death
Airway management; Increase hydration, Nebulizer
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| Acute Spasmodic Laryngitis (Croup) | Midnight Croup, Paroysmal attacks of laryngeal obstruction, Occurs chiefly at night Inflammation: mild or absent
Humidified air, limit exposure to cold air
Racemic EPI if severe
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| Bacterial Tracheitis (Croup) | Infection of the mucosa of the upper trachea
May be complication of LTB, Thick, purulent secretions result in respiratory distress; Humidified O2 Antipyretics Antibiotics May require intubation, Monitor respiratory failure, May be life threatening
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| RSV (LRI) | Wheezing & crackles, otitis media, conjunctivitis (pink eye), increased secretions, nasal stuffiness, fever, decreased po intake, may lead to respirator failure DX: Nasal secretions
TX: Cool O2, increase PO, Suction Suction, Isolation, steroids, No ABX
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| Pertussis (Whooping Cough) (LRI) | Low grade fever, sneezing, runny nose( 1-2wks) Sever cough, especially at night, coughing may cause vomiting
<6mnths, may have apnea Symptoms last 1-6wks
DX: Sputum culture; TX: ABX, Steriods, best rest, o, droplet precautions, suction, monitor o2
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| Tuberculosis (TB) (LRI) | If untreated, lung damage & CNS involvement; Airborne precautions, use of respirator, educate family or infection control, medication compliance
TB can hang on surfaces for days or wks 2nd leading cause of infection disease; Mantoux Test
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| Foreign Body Aspiration (LRI) | DX: H&P, X-RAY
Endoscopy &airway management
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| Aspiration Pneumonia (LRI) | Avoid Aspiration risks: Oily nose drops, Solvents, Talcum Powder
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| Asthma | Chronic Inflammatory disorder of the tracheobronchial tree;attacks influenced by variety of triggers, Very individualized
TX: Bronchodilators & antiinflammatory drugs
Maintain activity levels, pulmonary fx, allergy control
PFT, Chest physical therapy
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| Status Asthmaticus (Life threatening) | Respiratory distress continues despite vigorous therapeutic measures
Emergency TX: Epinephrine 0.01 ml/kg SC max: 0.3ml
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| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | Exocrine gland dysfunction that produces multisystem involvement; Inherits defective gene from both parents
Increase viscosity of mucous gland secretions, Increased sweat electrolytes, abnormalities in nervous system function
Sweat Chloride test, 2-5 <
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| Manifestation of CF | Can't pass stool (meconium ileus); decreased o2-co2 exchange; results in hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis
Compression of pulmonary blood vessels &pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonal, respiratory failure, & death
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