study for quiz
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| neurons | functional part of PNI. Motor & skeletal mm they innervate. Sensory & receptors in connective tissue, jts & blood vessels. Autonomic
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| Connective tissue bundles | structural part
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| nerve gliding | when jt moves & tension is placed on nerve bed-nerve gliding is twd moving jt (convergence) & when tension is relieved, nerve gliding is away from the moving jt (divergence)
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| Erb's | C5-C6 plexus injury-most common-happens @ birth or football stinger
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| Klumpke | C8-T1-effects intrinsics- baby born w/arm over head
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| progression of symptoms in peripheral nerve injury | sensory 1st- starts distal 1st, hand/foot, stocking/glove
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| PNI injury by mechanism- Primary | compression (entrapment, TOS, CTS, piriformis), laceration, stretch -> tear, other (radiation, electricity, chemotherapy)
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| PNI injury by mechanism- Secondary | hemorrhage, edema
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| neuropraxia | segmental demyelination action potentials slowed or blocked at point of demylination. mm doesn't atrophy, RECOVERY USUALLY COMPLETE- LEAST SERIOUS-mild ischeia from compression or traction, results sensory & motor
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| axonotmesis | damaged but connective tissue intact caused by stretching or compression. result: motor w/atrophy & sensory loss, wallerian degeneration-distal probs, incomplete recovery, may require sx
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| neurotmesis | damaged axon & tissue. laceration, rupture-motor & sensory damage & atrophy. wallerian damage, sx
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| Wallerian degeneration | myelin degenerates axons- can't translate signals
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| cones & sprouts | conelike tips of axons & dendrites-sprouts-where they are growing out
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| connective tissue sheaths status | over time if body part doesn't heal correctly-sheaths may shrink bakc
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| which nerves have excellent regeneration potential | radial, musculocutaneous & femoral
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| which nerves have mod regeneration potential | medial, ulnar, tibial
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| which nerves have poor regeneration potential | perineal
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| TOS (thoracic output syndrome) | scalenes, clavicle, 1st rib, pec minor, cervical rib- thru brachial plexus & can be vascular
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| CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome) | median nerve compression-sensory loss, motor wkness
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| mm tested, DTR's lost & site of atrophy for radial nerve damage above elbow | triceps
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| mm tested for radial nerve damage below elbow | wrist ext, finger ext
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| where would atrophy be seen w/ radial nerve damage below elbow | all mm except elbow ext
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| mechanisms of injury w/Bell's Palsy | inflamed, swollen, impaired or compressed facial nerve that results in facial wkness or paralysis, usually unilaterally.
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| mm testing for Bell's palsy | try to close eyelid & puff out cheeks & move facial mm
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| what causes ERb's palsy | downward traction injury to baby's upper brachial plexus & occurs during difficult childbirth
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| position associated with Erb's palsy | waiters tip position - shd ext, med rot, elbow ext, forearm pronated, wrist flex, shd add
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| mmt for Erb's palsy | shd abd, elbow flex, wrist ext
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| DTR's lost with Erb's palsy | biceps diminished or absent
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| atrophy w/ Erb's palsy | weak mm in shd ext, elbow flex & supination
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| could swaddle a baby instead of using a splint for... | Erb's palsy
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| common mechanisms of injury of sciatic nerve hip | compression from tight piriformis, hip dislocation, fx of femur
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| mmt for mm affected by injury of sciatic nerve hip | hip ext & knee flex- test in prone
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| where would atrophy be seen w/injury of sciatic nerve hip | post thigh, leg & foot
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| gait probs associated w/injury of sciatic nerve hip | wk knee flex & loss of ankle & foot control affecting all phases of gait
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| common mechanisms of injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | blunt force trauma, compression, vascular malformations, lipoma, hematoma, Baker's cyst, fx or scar tissue
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| posture associated w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | claw toes, possible pes planus (flat foot), valgus of ankle
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| mmt for mm affected by injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | plantarflex & inv
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| lost or diminished DTR w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | achilles
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| mm atrophy w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | gastroc
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| gt probs w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | loss of plantarflex, leading to inability to push off in the terminal stance phase
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| any orthotic/splint needed for Bell's palsy | eye patch
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| any orthotic/splint needed for Erb's palsy | elbow lock splint & cock up splint, or could swaddle baby
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| any orthotic/splint needed for sciatic nerve hip | femur brace
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| any orthotic/splint needed for sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | arch support, air splint
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| common mechanisms of injury of sciatic nerve peroneal | compression from crossing the legs. injury from fx at head/neck of fibula
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| mmt for injury of sciatic nerve peroneal | toe ext
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| gt probs w/injury of sciatic nerve peroneal | during loading response foot will slap w/ unopposed eversion - foot drop. hip hike
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| any orthotic/splint needed for sciatic nerve peroneal | AFO
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| causes of injury to femoral/obturator nerve | trauma & probs w/ labor
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| mmt for injury of femoral/obturator nerve | iliacus, sartorius, quads, ER, ADD
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| DTR lost w/injury of femoral/obturator nerve | patellar
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| atrophy w/injury of femoral/obturator nerve | ant & med thigh (quads & add)
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| gt probs w/injury of femoral/obturator nerve | hip hike, circumduction, knee slap
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| any orthotic/splint needed for femoral/obturator nerve | may need KAFO
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| common mechanisms of injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | impingement in hypertophied pronator teres or fx/dislocation of elbow
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| posture associated w/ injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | ape hand
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| mmt for injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | thumb & fingers- all mvmts
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| any orthotic/splint needed for injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | cone to keep fingers out of flex
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| common mechanisms of injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | tendonosis, tendonitis, OA, trauma, carpal dislocation, RA, pregnancy. sensory symptoms come 1st, pn @ night-numbness
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| posture associated w/injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | sustained wrist flex, ulnar dev
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| mmt for injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | pinch & grip positions
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| mm that may atrophy w/injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | mm of thenar eminence
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| common mechanisms of injury of ulnar nerve | cubital tunnel affects the forearm mm, impingement btwn heads of flexor carpi ulnaris affects the wrist flexors, compression in tunnel of Guyon @ wrist affects the wrist & hand mm
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| posture w/injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | partial claw
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| mmt for injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | wrist flex & ulnar dev
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| orthotic/splint needed for injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | rest w/cock up splint
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| common mechanisms of injury of axillary nerve | prox humerus-compression, shd dislocation, stretching
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| posture w/injury of axillary nerve | square shd from deltoid mm atrophy
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| mmt for injury of axillary nerve | ER & shd ABD
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| DTR lost w/injury of musculocutaneous nerve | biceps brachii
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| atrophy w/injury of axillary nerve | deltoid
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| common mechanisms of injury of musculocutaneous nerve | invasive trauma-laceration such as injection
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| mmt for injury of musculocutaneous nerve | elbow flex & supination
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| atrophy w/injury of musculocutaneous nerve | flexor surface of upper arm
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