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N PNI
study for quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neurons | functional part of PNI. Motor & skeletal mm they innervate. Sensory & receptors in connective tissue, jts & blood vessels. Autonomic |
| Connective tissue bundles | structural part |
| nerve gliding | when jt moves & tension is placed on nerve bed-nerve gliding is twd moving jt (convergence) & when tension is relieved, nerve gliding is away from the moving jt (divergence) |
| Erb's | C5-C6 plexus injury-most common-happens @ birth or football stinger |
| Klumpke | C8-T1-effects intrinsics- baby born w/arm over head |
| progression of symptoms in peripheral nerve injury | sensory 1st- starts distal 1st, hand/foot, stocking/glove |
| PNI injury by mechanism- Primary | compression (entrapment, TOS, CTS, piriformis), laceration, stretch -> tear, other (radiation, electricity, chemotherapy) |
| PNI injury by mechanism- Secondary | hemorrhage, edema |
| neuropraxia | segmental demyelination action potentials slowed or blocked at point of demylination. mm doesn't atrophy, RECOVERY USUALLY COMPLETE- LEAST SERIOUS-mild ischeia from compression or traction, results sensory & motor |
| axonotmesis | damaged but connective tissue intact caused by stretching or compression. result: motor w/atrophy & sensory loss, wallerian degeneration-distal probs, incomplete recovery, may require sx |
| neurotmesis | damaged axon & tissue. laceration, rupture-motor & sensory damage & atrophy. wallerian damage, sx |
| Wallerian degeneration | myelin degenerates axons- can't translate signals |
| cones & sprouts | conelike tips of axons & dendrites-sprouts-where they are growing out |
| connective tissue sheaths status | over time if body part doesn't heal correctly-sheaths may shrink bakc |
| which nerves have excellent regeneration potential | radial, musculocutaneous & femoral |
| which nerves have mod regeneration potential | medial, ulnar, tibial |
| which nerves have poor regeneration potential | perineal |
| TOS (thoracic output syndrome) | scalenes, clavicle, 1st rib, pec minor, cervical rib- thru brachial plexus & can be vascular |
| CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome) | median nerve compression-sensory loss, motor wkness |
| mm tested, DTR's lost & site of atrophy for radial nerve damage above elbow | triceps |
| mm tested for radial nerve damage below elbow | wrist ext, finger ext |
| where would atrophy be seen w/ radial nerve damage below elbow | all mm except elbow ext |
| mechanisms of injury w/Bell's Palsy | inflamed, swollen, impaired or compressed facial nerve that results in facial wkness or paralysis, usually unilaterally. |
| mm testing for Bell's palsy | try to close eyelid & puff out cheeks & move facial mm |
| what causes ERb's palsy | downward traction injury to baby's upper brachial plexus & occurs during difficult childbirth |
| position associated with Erb's palsy | waiters tip position - shd ext, med rot, elbow ext, forearm pronated, wrist flex, shd add |
| mmt for Erb's palsy | shd abd, elbow flex, wrist ext |
| DTR's lost with Erb's palsy | biceps diminished or absent |
| atrophy w/ Erb's palsy | weak mm in shd ext, elbow flex & supination |
| could swaddle a baby instead of using a splint for... | Erb's palsy |
| common mechanisms of injury of sciatic nerve hip | compression from tight piriformis, hip dislocation, fx of femur |
| mmt for mm affected by injury of sciatic nerve hip | hip ext & knee flex- test in prone |
| where would atrophy be seen w/injury of sciatic nerve hip | post thigh, leg & foot |
| gait probs associated w/injury of sciatic nerve hip | wk knee flex & loss of ankle & foot control affecting all phases of gait |
| common mechanisms of injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | blunt force trauma, compression, vascular malformations, lipoma, hematoma, Baker's cyst, fx or scar tissue |
| posture associated w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | claw toes, possible pes planus (flat foot), valgus of ankle |
| mmt for mm affected by injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | plantarflex & inv |
| lost or diminished DTR w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | achilles |
| mm atrophy w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | gastroc |
| gt probs w/injury of sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | loss of plantarflex, leading to inability to push off in the terminal stance phase |
| any orthotic/splint needed for Bell's palsy | eye patch |
| any orthotic/splint needed for Erb's palsy | elbow lock splint & cock up splint, or could swaddle baby |
| any orthotic/splint needed for sciatic nerve hip | femur brace |
| any orthotic/splint needed for sciatic nerve tibial popliteal space | arch support, air splint |
| common mechanisms of injury of sciatic nerve peroneal | compression from crossing the legs. injury from fx at head/neck of fibula |
| mmt for injury of sciatic nerve peroneal | toe ext |
| gt probs w/injury of sciatic nerve peroneal | during loading response foot will slap w/ unopposed eversion - foot drop. hip hike |
| any orthotic/splint needed for sciatic nerve peroneal | AFO |
| causes of injury to femoral/obturator nerve | trauma & probs w/ labor |
| mmt for injury of femoral/obturator nerve | iliacus, sartorius, quads, ER, ADD |
| DTR lost w/injury of femoral/obturator nerve | patellar |
| atrophy w/injury of femoral/obturator nerve | ant & med thigh (quads & add) |
| gt probs w/injury of femoral/obturator nerve | hip hike, circumduction, knee slap |
| any orthotic/splint needed for femoral/obturator nerve | may need KAFO |
| common mechanisms of injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | impingement in hypertophied pronator teres or fx/dislocation of elbow |
| posture associated w/ injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | ape hand |
| mmt for injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | thumb & fingers- all mvmts |
| any orthotic/splint needed for injury of median nerve fx/dislocation of elbow | cone to keep fingers out of flex |
| common mechanisms of injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | tendonosis, tendonitis, OA, trauma, carpal dislocation, RA, pregnancy. sensory symptoms come 1st, pn @ night-numbness |
| posture associated w/injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | sustained wrist flex, ulnar dev |
| mmt for injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | pinch & grip positions |
| mm that may atrophy w/injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | mm of thenar eminence |
| common mechanisms of injury of ulnar nerve | cubital tunnel affects the forearm mm, impingement btwn heads of flexor carpi ulnaris affects the wrist flexors, compression in tunnel of Guyon @ wrist affects the wrist & hand mm |
| posture w/injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | partial claw |
| mmt for injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | wrist flex & ulnar dev |
| orthotic/splint needed for injury of median nerve wrist site CTS | rest w/cock up splint |
| common mechanisms of injury of axillary nerve | prox humerus-compression, shd dislocation, stretching |
| posture w/injury of axillary nerve | square shd from deltoid mm atrophy |
| mmt for injury of axillary nerve | ER & shd ABD |
| DTR lost w/injury of musculocutaneous nerve | biceps brachii |
| atrophy w/injury of axillary nerve | deltoid |
| common mechanisms of injury of musculocutaneous nerve | invasive trauma-laceration such as injection |
| mmt for injury of musculocutaneous nerve | elbow flex & supination |
| atrophy w/injury of musculocutaneous nerve | flexor surface of upper arm |
Created by:
jessigirrl4
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