Apologia Exp. Ceation Human Digestive System Mod 13
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| Digestion | The process by which an organism breaks down its food into small units that can be absorbed by the body
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| Ingestion | Starts the process of digestion/ When you eat or drink.
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| Saliva | The spit in your mouth that breaks down starch.
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| Chemical digestion | Second part of digestion/changes the chemical nature of food in order for it to be absorbed into your blood.
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| Physical digestion | First part of digestion/breaks food up into little pieces.
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| Physical and Chemical digestion | The two components of digestion.
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| Which part of the digestive process are your teeth are a major participant of? | Physical digestion
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| What are the parts of the Human Digestive System? | Mouth, Teeth, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Liver, Bile, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Large intestine, Small intestine, Rectum, Anus
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| How long does it typically take to digest food? | Around 13 hours
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| Label the Digestive System | ask mom for paper
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| Alimentary Canal is also called ___. | Digestive tract
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| How long does it take for your body to get the nutrients you eat? | Within 3-8 hours
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| name the organs that are a part of the digestive system but not a part of the alimentary canal. | Gall bladder, liver, salivary glands, and pancreas
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| One organ of the digestive tract, however, has many blood vessels that pick up nutrients in order to distribute them throughout the body. Which organ has a lot of these blood vessels? | The small intestine has a lot of these blood vessels.
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| Gingiva | Soft, shock absorbent gums in your mouth.
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| Canine | Teeth used to tear food.
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| Incisor | Teeth that are sharp and used to cut food.
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| Premolars and molars | Teeth used to crush and grind food.
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| Wisdom | Teeth on each side of jaw that appear much later than your other teeth.
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| Conditioned response | Ivan Pavlov's theory that a body could be conditioned to produce saliva using senses other than taste and smell.
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| Describe Pavlov's dog experiment | He rang a bell every time he fed his dog. Eventually, the dog's salivary glands would produce saliva whenever he rang the bell, even when there was no food to eat.
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| Bolus | Soft lump of food after it has been cut, crushed, and ground up in your mouth.
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| Soft palate | Part of mouth that rises, sealing off the nasal cavity so you can move the bolus (chewed up food) into the pharynx.
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| Epiglottis | Small flap of cartilage that covers the larynx.
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| Would you expect carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores to not have canine teeth? | Herbivores
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| Why do you cough when you inhale smoke? | The smoke gets into your larynx, and the little particles in the smoke irritate the sensitive lining of the larynx, making you cough.
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| Cardiac sphincter | Part of the esophagus that opens to allow food to land in the stomach.
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| Rugae | Folds on the stomach wall that allow the stomach to expand.
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| Gastric juice | Liquid in the stomach that mixes with the bolus (chewed up food).
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| Hydrochloric acid | Most important chemical in the gastric juice. It kills bacteria, activates digestion, and helps dissolve food.
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| Heartburn | Result of excess stomach acid leaking up and out of the stomach into the esophagus.
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| Acids and bases | Two types of chemicals that are opposites of one another, so they cancel each other out.
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| Neutralization | When acids neutralize the properties of bases.
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| Pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscles in the small intestine.
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| Duodenum | The first part of the small intestine where the rest of digestion takes place.
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| Intestinal villi | Millions of projections that make up the inside wall of the small intestine.
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| What are the three parts of the large intestine? | Cecum, colon, and rectum
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| Where in the digestive tract does most of the absorption of nutrients occur? | Small intestine
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| Does the stomach have any bacteria in it? | No, bacteria can't live in your stomach because of the stomach acid.
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| Appendix | Little, worm shaped tube that branches off the large intestine at the cecum.
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| Does the appendix serve any purpose in the human body? | Yes, it gives a place for some bacteria to go when bad bacteria has caused illness the intestines after a bad illness.
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| Vestigial organ | A term that some uninformed scientists call a useless leftover body part that no longer has a purpose and is part of the process of evolution.
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| Glycogen | A polysaccharide that animals typically use to store excess carbohydrates.
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| If you must have your gall bladder removed, what macronutrient must be reduced in your diet? | Fat
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| What happens in the gall bladder? | It concentrates bile and injects it into the small intestine.
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| What does bile do? | It helps you digest fat.
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| Suppose a person's liver is converting fats and amino acids into glucose. What can you conclude about the amount of glycogen that is currently available? | There is probably not a lot of glycogen available to the body
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| Fats and amino acids are converted into ____ if glycogen is not readily available. | glucose
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| Vitamin | A chemical substance that body needs in small amounts to stay healthy.
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| Minerals | Inorganic crystalline substances from naturally in the earth.
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| Micronutrients | Nutrients like vitamins and minerals needed in small doses.
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| Anemia | When your body does not have enough iron.
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| Iron | Mineral that transports oxygen throughout your body.
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| Osteoporosis | When the bones become weak and break easily due to lack of calcium.
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| Certain nutritional companies sell pills with amino acids in them. Sometimes they are called vitamin pills. Why is that name wrong? | Amino acids are not micronutrients. Remember, amino acids are the building blocks of PROTEINS. Thus, they are macronutrients, not vitamins.
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