Psych Exam 1
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| Over-abstraction | Talking about the facts without stating personal affect
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| Neologisms | Made up words
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| condensations | Real words associated with a meaning that is not usually applied to that word
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| Rumination | Going over the same 'mistake' in your head over and over again
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| Feelings of unreality | Vibrant colors and vision changes
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| Ideas of reference | Thinking that someone or something is talking about them
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| Illusion | Misinterpretation of a real sensory stimuli
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| Hallucination | A false sensory experience that is only experienced by the patient
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| Delusion | A false, fixed belief
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| Three parts of Freud's psychoanalytic theory | Conscious, preconscious, unconscious
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| Freud's Conscious mind theory | Events and experiences that are easily remembered. Thought to be controlled by the ego.
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| Freud's preconscious mind theory | Includes memories which are not at the front of the mind and may be somewhat forgotten or not frequently used; but can be recalled if they are brought up. Thought to be controlled by the super ego.
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| Freud's unconscious mind theory | Memories that have been suppressed and cannot be recalled, either because they were unimportant or are hurtful to remember. They may be exposed through hypnosis or therapy and may influence dreams and actions.
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| Freud's Id theory | The part of the self that is pleasure seeking
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| Freud's superego | The part of the self that provides strict discipline
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| Freud's ego | The rational self that is adaptable and balances the Id and Superego
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| Erickson's developmental tasks | Infancy: trust v mistrust
Early childhood: autonomy v shame and doubt
Late childhood: initiative v guilt
School age: industry v inferiority
Adolescence: identity v role confusion
Young adult: intimacy v isolation
Adult: generativity v stagnation
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| Peplau psychodynamic nursing | The nurse identifies their own behavior and values so they can provide better care to others.
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| Systems Theory | Environment and genetics influence a person but not so much that they still can't decide their own fate
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| Biologic theory | neurotransmitters affect risk for illness
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| A patient has low levels of norepinephrine, this can be associated with | Depression
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| A patient has increased levels of norepinephrine, this can be associated with | Mania, anxiety, schizophrenia
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| A patient has low levels of dopamine, this is associated with | Parkinson's
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| A patient has increased levels of dopamine, this is associated with | Schizophrenia and mania
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| A patient has low levels of serotonin, this is associated with | Depression
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| A patient has increased levels of serotonin, this is associated with | Anxiety
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| A patient has low levels of histamine, this is associated with | Depression
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| A patient has low levels of GABA, this is associated with | Huntington's, anxiety, schizophrenia, and epilepsy
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| Suppression | Denying unpleasant thoughts and feelings
"I'll think about those later"
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| Repression | Putting unpleasant thoughts completely out of mind
"I forgot I was supposed to do that"
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| Displacement | Transferring feelings onto a 'safer' target
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| Reaction formation | Behavior that is the opposite of what you feel
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| Rationalization | Creating reasonable explanations for unacceptable behavior
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| Denial | Pretending the truth is not reality
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| Regression | Reverting back to an early stage in development
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| Projection | Blaming others
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| Undoing | Performing an act to 'make up' for past behaviors
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| Intellectualization | Using facts to avoid talking about the emotions a person is having
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| Sublimation | Channeling your unacceptable feelings into a behavior that is constructive
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| Identification | An attempt to acquire attributes that a person found admirable in another person
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| Stages of the Grieving process | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
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| A patient has mood swings that vary from mania to major depression. They likely have | Bipolar 1
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| A patient has mood swings that vary from mania to essentially normal feeling, they likely have | Bipolar 1
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| A patient has mood swings that vary from hypomania to major depression, they likely have | Bipolar 2
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| A patient has mood swings that vary from hypomania to persistent depression, they likely have | cyclothymia
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| Medications typically used with electroconvulsive therapy | Atropine: decrease secretions
Anesthesia
Muscle Relaxants
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| Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft Class and use | SSRI
Depression
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| Pristiq, Cymbalta, Effexor Class and Use | Norepinephrine/SSRI
Depression
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| Considerations with MAOI | Tyramine diet restriction
Increased tyramine can cause HTN CRISIS
Tyrmine foods: chocolate, wine, cheese, yogurt, ect
Lots of drug interactions
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| Marplan, Nardil, Parnate, Emsam Class and Use | MAOI
Depression
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| Lithium Class and considerations | Mood Stabilizer
Requires adequate NA intake
Toxicity: N&V, diarrhea, weakness, tremor
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| Serum Lithium Range | 0.6-1.2
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| Depakote, Carbatro, Topamax Class and Use | Anticonvulsant
Unlabeled: bipolar
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| Structured nursing versus unstructured nursing | Structured: planned activities applied in all settings. (med admin, physical assessments, charting, ect)
Unstructured: therapeutic use of self
(determined by the nurse how, when, and why to use it. Uses personal relationship with patient)
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| Describe cognitive therapy - Aaron Beck | How one thinks determines how one will feel and behave. Correct AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS to control mood and behavior problems.
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| arbitrary inference | Jumping to a conclusion without the facts to support your choice
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| overgeneralization | Sweeping conclusions that are "all-or-nothing" thinking
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| Dichotomous thinking | Black-or-white thinking
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| Selective abstraction | Only taking part of the facts into consideration, usually the negative facts
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| Magnification | Making more of a situation than it is
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| Minimalization | Making less of a situation than it is
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| Catastrophic thinking | Thinking the worst case scenario
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| Personalization | Attributing success or failure all to yourself instead of recognizing other factors may have been at play as well.
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| Cognitive rehearsal | Uncovers potential automatics thoughts when a stressful event is anticipated
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| Physical tolerance versus behavioral tolerance with substance abuse | Physical tolerance: more of the substance is needed to achieve the same effect
Behavioral tolerance: the person is able to mask the effects of the intoxication
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| Signs of withdrawal that usually emerge in the first 4 days of alcohol detox | Tremors, malaise, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, irritability, increased BP and pulse
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| Alcohol delirium tremens | Occurs 7-10 after detox
Decreased cognitive function, hallucinations, illusions, incoherent speech, changes in motor function, increased BP, HR, and T. Risk for seizures. These are a medical emergency.
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| Meds typically used with alcohol detox | Thiamine, Antiolytics (Ativan/Valium/Librium), Anticonvulsants (Dilantin), Antabuse
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| Three ideas that are perpetuated in a dysfunctional family with dependence | Don't trust
Don't talk
Don't feel
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| Brief psychotic disorder | Lasts less than 1 month
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| Schizopreniform | Lasts 1-6 months
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| Schizoaffective | Accompanied by bipolar or depression
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| Catatonia | nonresponsive stupor
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| Echolalia | Repeating random things that are heard
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| Echopraxia | Mimicking another person's actions
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| Extrapyramidal Pseudoparkinsonism | Mask-like faces, rigidity, tremors, shuffling gait, drooling
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| Extrapyramidal Dystonia/Dyskinesia | Involuntary movements, muscle tightness in the throat, tongue, eyes, neck, and back
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| torticollis (EPS) | Twisted neck
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| opisthotonos | Arched back
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| oculogyric | Eyes fixed toward the back of the head
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| The drugs used to treat EPS pseudoparkinsonism and dystonia/dyskinesia | Benadryl and Cogentin
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| EPS Akathisia | Inability to sit still
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| EPS tardive dyskinesia | Tongue and mouth movements
Long-term use
May be irreversible
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| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Extreme. Muscle rigidity, stupor, increases in BP, HR, hyperthermia, urinary retention, change in consciousness, coma.
MEDICAL EMERGENCY
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| Atropine-like side effects | Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
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| agranulocytosis | Decrease in WBC count
Potentially fatal
Seen with Clozaric use
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| 1st generation antipsychotic meds (3) and what it works on | Thorazine, Haldol, Prolixin
Works on dopamine
Affects positive symptoms
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| 2nd generation antipsychotic meds (8) and what it works on | Clozaric, Resperdal, Ability, Zyprexa, Invega, Seroquel, Geodon, Saphris
Works on dopamine and serotonin
Treats positive and negative symptoms
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| Autism spectrum disorder | Abnormal communication and social interactions
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| Adderall, Dexedrine, Ritalin, Cylert Class and use | CNS stimulant
ADHD
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| Side effects of ADHD meds in children | Weight loss, tachycardia, stunted growth, tolerance
Toxic with cold meds
Do not abruptly discontinue
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| Conduct disorder | Antisocial behavior, aggression, and violence
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| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | Irritable moods, but not violent towards others
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| Intermittent Explosive Disorder | Impulsive outbursts (3 incidences)
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| Adjustment disorder | maladaptive coping to a known stressor
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| Anorexia Biggest concern | electrolyte imbalances may be fatal
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| Bulimia Physiologic concerns | Esophageal damage
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