Science CRCT Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Abiotic Factor | A factor in an ecosystem that is non-living
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| Asexual Reproduction | reproduction by 1 organism
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| Autotroph | Organism that makes its own food through photosynthesis
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| Animalia | The kingdom for all animals
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| Allele | Form of a gene
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| Adaptation | Genetic change to help an organism survive in an environment
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| Adrenal Gland | one of the two endocrine glands located above each kidney
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| Antibody | a protein made by B cells that binds to a specific antigen
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| Benthic Zone | The Region of the ocean along the sea floor
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| binary fission | THe process in which a parent cell makes a copy of its genetic material and then divides into two cells with identical genetic material
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| Biome | A group of similair ecosystems that are charectized by climate,precipitation, and the tpes of organisms that live there.
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| 10% rule | 10% of original energy goes to next tropic level
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| acquired trait | traits that are not inherited from parents but are like adaptations
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| active immunity | the immunity that results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens
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| adaptation | A change in an animals behavior to survive
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| alveoli | tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
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| archaebacteria | unicellular prokaryotes that reproduce asexually. a modern taxonomic system made up of prokaryotes that differ from other Ps in the makeup of their cell walls + genetics
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| artery | carrys blood away from heart
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| atrium | the upper chamber of the heart
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| bias | prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another
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| binomial nomenclature | the system of nomenclature in which 2 terms are used to denotate a species of a living organism the first one indicating the genus + the second for specific animal
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| biodiversity | the number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time
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| biosphere | the part of earth where life exists
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| biotic factor | Living factor in an ecosystem
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| bladder | sac holding urine
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| body fossil | bone of body fossilized
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| bone | Structure in body holding body stable, makes blood
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| brain | the mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system
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| brainstem | stem going to spinal cord from brain
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| bronichole | smaller tubes coming out of each bronchus branch
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| bronchus | one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea
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| budding | type of reproduction of bacteria
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| capillary | a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in tissue
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| carbohydrate | molecules made of sugar
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| carbon cycle | the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back
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| cardiac muscle | involuntary muscle found only in the heart
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| carnivore | animal that eats meat
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| carrying capacity | the largest population that an environment can support at any given time
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| cartilage | flexible tissue
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| cell | basic unit of all living things
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| cell cycle | cycle of cells living and dying
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| cell membrane | soft outer 'shell' of cell, porous
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| cell theory | all organisms are made up of one or more cells'; basic unit of life; all cells come from existing cells
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| cell wall | wall that protects cell
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| cellular respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
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| central nervous system | the brain and the spinal cord; its main function is to control the flow of information in the body
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| chemical digestion | large molecules broken down into nutrients
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| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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| circulatory | the system that circulates blood + lymph throuhg the body
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| class | level of classification
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| classification | the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics
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| cloning | Making a genetically identical organism
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| codominance | a condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a hetero zygote are fully expressed with neither on bieng dominant
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| commensalism | a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
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| community | all of the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other
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| competition | struggle to get resources
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| conclusion | the end or finish of something; a judgement or decision based on reasoning
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| cytoplasm | what the organelles float around in the cell
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| coniferous forest | cone, needle like leaves, evergreen producing trees are conifers
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| control group | Factor in an experiment that is a test with a controlled experiment.
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| controlled group | something that is used as a constant and unchanging standard of comparison in scientific experimentation
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| cytoskeloton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, + division
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| controlled experiment | an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group with an experiment group
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| consumer | an organism that consumes another
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| dominant trait | the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
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| decidous | shedding its leaves annually
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| dentrification | the loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds
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| development | the process of changing or being changed
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| DNA replication | the process of making an identical copy at a section of duplex DNA using existing DNA as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid. a molecule that is present in all living cells and contains info for cells ( RECIPE FOR ALL LIVING THINGS !!! )
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| Digestive system | the organs thta break down food so that it can be used by the body
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| Diaphragm | a dome shaped muscle that is attached to the lower ribs + that functions as the main muscle in respiration.
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| Diffusion | the movement of particles from higher to lower density
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| Desert | A region that has little or no plant life, long periods w/out rain, extreme temperatures; usually found in hot climates
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| Dependent Variable | variable that depends on independent variable
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| Decomposer | organisms that decompose deceased organisms, recycles nutrients
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| Data | a piece of information acquired through observation or experimentation
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| Excretory system | gets rid of solid waste from body
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| Environment | the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives in or operates
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| Enzyme | breaks some nutrients into smaller particles that the body can use
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| experimental Group | a group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | system of membranes that are found in a cell's cytoplasm + assists in the production, processing+ transport of proteins + in the production of liquids
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| Egg | female sex cell
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| ecosystem | a community of organisms + their abiotic,+ their nonliving environment
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| ecology | the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another + with their enviorment
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| Esophagus | a long straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
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| energy pyramid | a triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem's loss of energy which results as energy passes through the food chain
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| Extinction | the death of every member in a species
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| evolution | the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise
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| eukaryote | an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a menbrane
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| eubacteria | MODERN BACTERIA !!
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| Estuary | an area where salt water and fresh water meet from rivers and seas. LOTS OF LIFE
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| Fallopian tube | where fertilization occurs
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| fertilization | the joining of an egg and sperm
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| family | order of classification AFTER ORDER and BEFORE GENUS
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| field study | research project carried out in the field
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| Freshwater biome | No salt water, streams and rivers
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| Fungi | kingdom made up of non green eukaryote organisms. they have means of movement reproduce by using spores + get food by breaking down things
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| function | a special or proper activity of an organ or part
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| fossil | the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
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| food web | a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem
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| Food chain | the path way of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms
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| Genetic engineering | a technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use
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| grassland | a region that is dominated by grasses that has few woody shrubs + trees, that has fertile soils + that relieves moderate amounts amounts of seasonal rainfall
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| genetic disorder | abnormal conditions that are caused by mutations, or DNA changes in genes or chromosomes
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| Genetics | the study of heredity and genes
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| genus | the first part of the scinetific name of an animal
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| Geologic era | A major division of geologic time
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| Golgi apparatus | the organelle that packages and distributes proteins
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| growth | the process in increasing in physical size
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| graduated cylinder | a tool used to measure the volume of liquids
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| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for 1 or more specific traits
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| Gene | one set of instructions for an inherited trait
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| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring
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| hybridization | the process of combing 2 complimentary single stranded DNA or RNA molecules + allowing them them to form a single double stranded molecule through base pairing
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| hybrid | the offspring of 2 plants or animals of different species or varieties
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| homologous structures | something scientists look at while trying to see how close 2 organisms are
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| habitat | the natural home or environment of an animal,plant, or other organism
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| heart | an organ made of cardiac tissue, 4 chambers, pumps blood
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| hypothesis | a testable idea or explanation that leads to a scientific investigation
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| host | an organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter
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| hormone | a substance that is made in one cellular tissue + that causes a change in another cell tissue in a different part of the body
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| heterozygous | describes an individual that has 2 different alleles for a trait
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| homozygous | identical alleles for the trait
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| heterotroph | organism that has to catch its own food
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| herbivore | organism that only eats plants
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| invertabrae | an animal that does not have a backbone
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| integumentary system | the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body
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| immune system | the cells + tissues that recognize + attack foreign substances in the body
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| inherited trait | the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell or organism
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| infrence | a conclusion based on basis of evidence and reasoning
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| incomplete dominance | a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele+ therefore results in a new phenotype
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| inbreeding | the process of crossing 2 organisms with similar or alike alleles
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| impulses | the electrical neurons send out
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| independent variable | in an experiment, the factor that is deliberately manipulated
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| intertidal zone | sea grasses,periwinkle snails, + herons are common in an intertidal zone. sea stars + enenomes often live on rocky shores
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