Lpn fall 2008
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| show | an unpleasant sensation usually associated w/ disease or injury.
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| show | refers to conversion of chemical information @ cellular level into electrical impulses that move towards the spinal cord.
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| show | begins when injured cells release chemicals such as substance P, prostaglandins, bradykinin, histamine, & glutamate. Chemicals excite nociceptors.
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| show | type of sensory nerve receptors activated by noxious stimuli located in skin, bones, joints, muscles, & internal organs.
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| show | Phase during which stimuli move from peripheral nervous system toward the brain. Impulses via the fast pain pathway result in sharp, acute initial sensations like those felt when touch a hot
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| show | Occurs when peripheral nociceptors form synapses w/ neurons w/in spinal cord that carry pain impulses & other sensory info such as pressure & temp changes via fast & slow nerve fibers.
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| Transmission3 | show 🗑
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| show | responsible for throbbing, aching, or burning sensation that persists after the immediate discomfort.
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| show | large myelinated fibers that carry impulses rapidly @ a rate of approx 5 to 30 meters/per sec.
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| show | conscious experience of discomfort occurs when pain threshold is reached. Once pain is perceived, structures w/in brain determines its intensity, attach meaningfulness to the event & provoke emotional responses.
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| show | point @ which sufficient pain-transmitting stimuli reach the brain. Pain thresholds tend to be same among healthy people but each person tolerates or bears the sensation of pain differently.
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| show | amount of pain a person endures, influenced by genetics learned behavior specific to gender age, & culture.
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| show | last phase of pain impulse transmission during which brain interacts w/ spinal nerves in a downward fashion to subsequently alter pain experience.
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| show | the release of pain-inhibiting neurochemicals reduces painful sensation. Ex: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), endogenous opioids.
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| show | naturally produced morphine-like chemicals.
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| Cutaneous pain1 | show 🗑
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| show | damage confined to epidermis produces a burning sensation. @ dermis level, pain is localized & superficial. Subcutaneous tissue injures produce an aching, throbbing pain.
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| Somatic pain | show 🗑
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| show | discomfort arising from internal organs is associated w/ disease or injury.
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| Referred pain | show 🗑
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| Visceral pain2 | show 🗑
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| Neuropathic pain | show 🗑
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| show | Phantom limb pain or phantom limb sensation, a person w/amputated limb perceives the limb still exists & feels burning, itching, & deep pain in tissues that been removed.
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| Acute pain1 | show 🗑
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| Pain a&c | show 🗑
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| Chronic pain1 | show 🗑
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| Acute pain2 | show 🗑
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| show | Favorable response to drug therapy, diminishes w/ healing, suffering is decreased, associated w/ sympathetic nervous system responses such as hypertension, tachycardia, restlessness, anxiety.
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| Chronic pain2 | show 🗑
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| show | Poor response to drug therapy, requires more & more drug therapy, persists beyond healing stage, suffering is intensified, absence of autonomic nervous system responses; manifests depression & irritability.
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| show | pain assessment.
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| Analgesic | show 🗑
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| show | a basic or brief pain assessment includes the pt’s description of the onset, quality, intensity, location, & duration pain.
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| show | scale used to assess pain by showing pt faces & explaining how begins w/ happy face meaning no pain 0 to face that hurts as bad as u can imagine 5.
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| Pain management | show 🗑
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| show | cornerstone of pain management whether in alone or in combination w/ other therapeutic measures.
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| show | acute pain & cancer pain are recognized & effectively treated.
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| show | info about analgesics is readily available.
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| show | Pt’s are informed on admission, both orally & in writing that effective pain relief is an important part of their treatment, that their communication of unrelieved pain is essential, & that health professionals will respond quickly to their reports of pai
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| Standards4 | show 🗑
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| Standards5 | show 🗑
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| Pain relief ladder | show 🗑
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| show | nonnarcotic drugs, aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), & nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin), ketoprofen, (Orudis KT), & naproxen sodium (Naprosyn, Aleve).
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| Nonopioids | show 🗑
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| show | narcotic drugs, when no longer controlled w/ a nonopioid is combined w/ an opioid. Cause sedation, nausea, constipation, & respiratory depression.
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| show | drugs that assist in accomplishing the desired effect of a primary drug. Analgesic drugs
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| show | drugs whose prescription & dispensing are regulated by federal law b/c they have potential for being abused.
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| show | Morphine sulfate, codeine sulfate, meperidine (Demerol), fentanyl (duragesic, sublimaze).
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| show | Intervention that allows pts to self administer narcotic pain medication through use of an infusion device. PCA is used primarily to relieve acute pain after surgery, but this technology is finding its way into the home health arena where non-hospitalized
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| Bolus/loading dose | show 🗑
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| show | an agent made from the bacterium clostridium botulinum, whish is found in soil & water. When injected into a muscle, the toxin blocks action of acetylcholine.
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| Botulinum Toxin Therapy2 | show 🗑
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| Botulinum Toxin Therapy3 | show 🗑
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| A(BTX-A) | show 🗑
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| show | pain unresponsive to other methods of pain management.
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| Rhizotomy | show 🗑
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| show | Surgical interruption of pain pathways in the spinal cord.
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| show | pts about pain & methods for pain management supports principle that pts who assume an active role in their treatment achieve positive outcomes, sooner than others.
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| Pain management nurse teaching1 | show 🗑
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| Pain management nurse teaching2 | show 🗑
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| Pain management nurse teaching3 | show 🗑
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| Pain management nurse teaching4 | show 🗑
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| show | (thermal therapy), well established techniques for relieving pain, never used longer than 20 mins @ any 1 time, skin always protected w/ insulating layer (cloth or towel), never sleep w/ app.
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| show | pain caused by injury best treated initially w/ cold applications (ice bay or chemical pack), believed cold relieve pain faster & sustain pain relief longer.
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| show | (hot water bottle, rice bag or moist packs) placed over painful area 24 to 48 hrs after injury.
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| show | & capsaicin (zostrix) compound in red peppers, are chemicals applied topically. Both increase blood flow in area of app, creating a warm or cool feeling that last for several hrs.
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| show | concentrating on word or idea that promotes tranquility & is similar to imagery except the subject matter tends to be more spiritual.
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| show | intentional diversion of attention to switch the person’s focus from an unpleasant sensory experience to 1 that is neutral or more pleasant.
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| show | technique for releasing muscle tension & quieting the mind that helps to reduce pain, relieve anxiety, & promote a sense of well being, relaxing breaks circuit among neurons that are overloading the brain w/ distressing thought & painful stimuli.
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| show | A medically prescribed pain management technique that delivers bursts of electricity to skin & underlying nerves, an intervention implemented by nurses.
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| show | Pt perceives electrical stimulus, generated by a battery-powered stimulator, as a pleasant tapping, tingling, vibrating or buzzing sensation.
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| show | used intermittently for 15-30 mins or longer whenever pt feels and for it.
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| show | pain management technique in which long, thin needles are inserted into skin.
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| Acupressure | show 🗑
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| show | pain management technique involving a combination of acupuncture needles & TENS.
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| PENS2 | show 🗑
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| show | therapy done 3 times a wk for 30 mins for 3 wks. Successful on pts w/low back pain, pain caused by spread of cancer to bones, shingles (acute herpes zoster viral infection), & migraine headaches.
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| Relaxation teaching1 | show 🗑
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| Relaxation teaching2 | show 🗑
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| Relaxation teaching3 | show 🗑
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| show | pt learns to control or alter a physiologic phenomenon(e.g. pain, blood pressure, headache, heart rate & rhythm, seizures as an adjunct to traditional pain management.
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| show | a therapeutic technique in which a person enters a trancelike state resulting in an alteration in perception & memory.
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| show | Acute pain, chronic pain, anxiety, fear, ineffective coping, deficient knowledge: Pain management.
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| Addition | show 🗑
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| Nursing note | show 🗑
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| Placebo | show 🗑
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| Malingerer | show 🗑
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