Genetics Chapter 17 Human Heredity
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogens | Disease- causing agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
🗑
|
||||
| Skin | A barrier, organisms set up conditions unfavorable to pathogens
🗑
|
||||
| Innate | Broad , against bacteria in general
🗑
|
||||
| Adaptive | Specificity, memory, vertebrates
🗑
|
||||
| Three defenses against infection | Skin, inflammation, and the immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Complement System | A chemical defense system that kills microorganisms directly, supplements the inflammatory response, and works with (complements) the immune system
🗑
|
||||
| Membrane Attack Complex | Part of complement cascade, invade microorganism's plasma membrane, create pores through which fluids can flow, creating pores that eventually burst the microorganism
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammation | Redness Pain Heat Swelling, body's reaction to invading microorganisms, nonspecific active defense system
🗑
|
||||
| Histamine | A chemical signal produced by mast cells that triggers dilation of blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Genetic predisposition to Crohn disease | Chromosome 16, Chronic inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (like ulcerative colitis)
🗑
|
||||
| Immunity | Terrific when targeted at bad guy, but bad when targeted at you. REGULATION IS KEY.
🗑
|
||||
| Specific responses (Adaptive) | Antibody mediated immunity, and Cell mediated immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Antibody- mediated immunity | Regulated by B cells and antibody production
🗑
|
||||
| Cell-mediated immunity | Controlled by T cells
🗑
|
||||
| Antibodies three main functions | 1. Bind to things, Neutralize 2. Opsonize- flag something for a macrophage to eat 3. Kick off complement cascade
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphocytes | White blood cells that originate in bone marrow and mediate the immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Stem Cells | Cells in bone marrow that produce lymphocytes by mitotic division
🗑
|
||||
| B cell | A type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and mediated antibody- directed immunity, only makes one type of antibody
🗑
|
||||
| T cell | A type of lymphocyte that undergoes maturation in the thymus and mediates cellular immunity. Programmed in the thymus to produce unique T-cell receptors
🗑
|
||||
| Antibodies | Y shaped proteins produced by B cells that bind to specific foreign molecules antigens and inactivate them. Secreted by effector cells
🗑
|
||||
| Antigens | Molecules that initiate antibody production, carried or produced by microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| T- cell receptors | Unique proteins on surface of the T cells that bind to specific proteins on the surface of cells infected with viruses, bacteria, or intracellular parasites
🗑
|
||||
| Binding to an antigen stimulates | B or T cell to divide, producing many clones with the same antibody or TCR - Most polymorphic locus
🗑
|
||||
| Major hisocompatability complex | Genes on chromosome 6 that encode recognition molecules that prevent the immune system from attacking a body's own organs and tissues.
🗑
|
||||
| Antibody- mediated immunity (Humoral) | Immune reaction mediated by B cells that protects against invading viruses and bacteria using antibodies produced by plasma cells
🗑
|
||||
| Cell- mediated immunity | Immune reaction mediated by T cells directed against body cells that have been infected by viruses or bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| Helper T cell | Stimulates production of antibodies by B cells when an antigen is present. Stimulates division of B cells and cytotoxic T cells
🗑
|
||||
| Antigen detection | B cells bind to antigens and become antigen presenting cells
🗑
|
||||
| Activation of helper T cells | Activated helper T cells identify and activate specific B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Antibody production by B cells | Activated B cells form two types of daughter cells: effector cells and memory B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Effector cells | Daughter cells of B cells, which synthesize and secrete 2,000 to 20,000 antibody molecules per second into the bloodstream
🗑
|
||||
| Memory B cell | A long- lived B cell produced after primary exposure to an antigen that plays an important role in secondary immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Immunoglobulins | Five classes of proteins to which antibodies belong ( IgG IgA IgE IgM IgD)
🗑
|
||||
| Cytokines | Made by T cells
🗑
|
||||
| Suppressor T cells | Stop immune responses of B cells, other T cells
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic "killer" T cells | Secrete perforin to destroy infected body cells, and directly attack viruses, bacteria, cancer cells and transplanted organs
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
tstrange
Popular Science sets