HSC Musical Concepts
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| ascending | heading upwards
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| descending | heading downwards
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| steps | notes that are next to each other
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| leaps | notes that are not next to each other
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| repeated notes | a short series of notes that have the same pitch
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| range | the distance from the highest to the lowest note
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| register | the general area of pitch
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| arpeggio | the notes of a chord played one after another
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| broken chord | notes of a chord played played separately in various orders
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| counter melody | a second melody that is independant to another melody
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| ornamentation | decorating a melody
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| trill | rapidly playing a note and its neighbour
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| slide | moving between two pitches sounding all off the frequencies between
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| grace notes | short notes that decorate a single note
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| bend | slightly increasing or decreasing the pitch of a note after it has been sounded
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| improvisation | a melody that is freely created on the spot
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| call and response | two melodies that are heard after each other similar to question and answer
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| phrases | the divisions of melodies. these can be balanced or unbalanced
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| sequence | a chord progression or melody that repeats higher or lower in succession
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| imitation | an instrument copying parts of a previously heard melody
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| riff | a melodic idea that is heard in various points of a song
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| definite | pitch that can be found on the piano
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| indefinite | pitch that cant be found on the piano
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| octave | a jump if 8 notes
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| drone | a long sustained pitch
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| consonant | harmony that is agreeable and not clashing
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| dissonant | harmony that clashes
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| major | of the major scale
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| minor | of the minor scale
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| pentatonic | a scale of 5 notes
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| blues scale | a scale that is used in blues music
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| chromatic | a series of semitones or notes borrowed form other scales
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| diatonic | notes that are from the particular scale/key
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| atonal | a piece that does not have a key as it is not major or minor
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| modulation | a change in key
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| rate of chord change | describing the frequency of chordal movement
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| 12 bar blues | a chord pattern that is used in blues and early rock music
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| pedal point | a constantly repeating pitch
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| omm-pah-pah | a bass note followed by the sounding of two chords
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| power chord | a chord that has no 3rd
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| major 7th | a chord that adds the 7th note
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| dominant 7th | a chord that adds the flattened 7th note
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| diminished | a chord that is based on minor thirds
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| parallel | a part that has a similar shape to another
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| contrary | when one part moves in an oppisite direction
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| oblique | then one part stays the same and another moves
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| primary triads | chords I IV V
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| walking bass line | a bass line that is based on an arpeggio of a dominant 7th chord
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| beat | the pulse of music
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| accent | a strong or emphasised note
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| backbeat | beats 2 and 4
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| offbeat | accuentating between beats
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| syncopation | notes that are off the beat
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| adagio | slowly
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| andante | At a walking pace
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| moderato | moderatly
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| allegro | fast
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| vivace | Lively and fast
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| presto | Very Fast
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| accelerando | gradually getting faster
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| ritardando | Gradually Slowing Down
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| pause | a held note held at the condutor or performers discression
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| rubato | a flexible tempo using slight variations of speed to enhance musical expression
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| simple | a time signature that has beats divided into two
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| compound | a time signature that has beats divided into 3
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| irregular | 7/4 and 5/7 are examples
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| time signature | the number of beats in a bar
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| multimetre | quick numerous changes in time signatures
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| complex | a rhythm that uses a variety of notes
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| short | quavers and semiquavers
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| long | semibreves and minims
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| ostinato | a repeating musical patter
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| anacrusis | An Upbeat or a pickup note(s); a term used for unstressed notes at the beginning of a phrase of music.
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| swing rhythm | long short pattern oftern used in jazz music
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| augmentation | doubling the values of notes
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| diminution | halving the vlaues of notes
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| polyrhythm | one rhyhtmic part in 2 while another rhythmic part plays in 3
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| triplet | 3 notes in the time of 2
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| duplet | 2 notes in the time of 3
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| crotchet | a one beat note
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| quaver | a half beat note
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| dotted minim | a three beat note
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| semibreve | a four beat note
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| legato | smooth and connected
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| staccato | short and detached
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| melody | the main instrumental layer
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| accompaniment | instruments that support the melody
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| tutti | all or everyone
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| density | the number of instruemnts playing
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| homophonic | a melody with chords
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| polyphonic | having two or more independent but harmonically related melodic parts sounding together
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| monophonic | Consisting of a single unaccompanied MELODIC line.
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| heterophonic | Two melodies that are almost identical
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| unison | all parts playing the same thing
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| doubling | instruments playing the same thing as each other
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| binary | a structure of 2 contrasting sections
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| ternary | a structure of 3 sections where the first and the last are the same
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| verse | a part of a song that has the same tune but different words each time
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| chorus | a part of a song that has the same words and tune each time
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| bridge | a part of a song that has not been heard before and it has words
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| instrumental | a part of a song that has no voices (not at the start)
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| coda | the name for a final ending section of a piece of music
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| piano | soft
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| pianissimo | very soft
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| mezzo piano | moderately soft
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| forte | loud
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| mezzo forte | moderatly loud
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| fortissimo | very loud
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| crescendo | getting louder
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| decrescendo | gradually softer
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| arco | with the bow
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| pizzicato | pluck the strings
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| roll | a drum rapidly repeating a note
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| falsetto | a male singing in head voice
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| a cappella | sung without instrumental accompaniment
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| acoustic | non-electric sound
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| articulation | the way in which notes are to be played
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| virtuosic | extraordinarily talented playing
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| 4/4 | simple quadruple
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| 3/4 | simple triple
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| 12/8 | compound quadruple
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| 9/8 | compound triple
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| 6/8 | compound duple
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| 2/4 | simple duple
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| tenuto | give the note it's full length
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| fermata | musical term for a pause
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| dolce | sweetly
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| marcato | Marked; with emphasis
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| double sharp | a cross plased in front of a note
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| key signature | the sharps or flats at the front of a song
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| slur | line indicating notes are smooth and connected
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| glissando | Sliding from one note to another on an instrument such as a trombone or violin
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| chord | several notes sounded simultaneously
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| 8va | play an octave higher
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| 15ma | play two octaves higher
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| tremolo | a repidly repeated note
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