Vocab Words to Know
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| Barognosis | perceive the weight of different objects in the hand
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| Graphesthesia | Identify a number or letter drawn on the skin without visual input
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| Kinesthesia | Identify direction and extend of movement of a joint or body part
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| Stereognosis | Identify an object without sight (ex: identify paperclip blindfolded)
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| Allodynia | The sensation of pain in response to a stimulus that would not typically produce pain
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| Analgesia | Absence of pain while remaining conscious
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| Anesthesia | Absence of touch sensation
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| Causalgia | Constant, relentless, burning hyperesthesia and hyperaslesia that develops after a peripheral nerve injury
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| Dysesthesia | Distortion of any of the senses, especially the sense of touch
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| Hyperesthesia | Heightened sensation
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| Hyperpathia | An extreme exaggerated response to touch
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| Hypesthesia | Diminished sensation of touch
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| Neuralgia | severe and multiple shock-like pains that radiate from a specific nerve distribution
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| Pallanesthesia | Loss of vibration sense
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| Paresthesia | Abnormal sensations such as tingling, pins and needles or burning sensations
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| Tremor | Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to basal ganglia lesion. Can be resting, postural, or intention tremors
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| Tic | Sudden, brief, repetitive coordinated movements that usually occur at regular intervals. Can include vocalization of sounds. (ex: Tourette syndrome)
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| Chorea | Movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary - damage of caudate nucleus - like "fidgeting"
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| Dystonia | Sustained muscle contractions that frequently cause twisting, abnormal postures, and repetitive movements.
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| Athetosis | Slow, twisting, writhing movements with large amplitude. Found with many forms of cerebral palsy
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| Akinesia | Inability to initiate movement; commonly seen in Parkinson's
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| Asthenia | Generalized weakness; typically secondary to cerebellar pathology
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| Ataxia | Inability to perform coordinated movements
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| Clasp-knife response | a form of resistance seen during ROM of a hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement throughout rang
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| Cogwheel rigidity | A form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it; often see in Parkinson's
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| Dysdiadochokinesia | The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
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| Dysmetria | Inability to control the ROM and force of muscular activity
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| Hemiballism | An involuntary & violent movement of a large body part
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| Lead pipe rigidity | A form of rigidity where there is uniform & constant resistance to ROM; often associated with basal ganglia lesion
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| Agnosia | The inability to interpret information
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| Agraphesthesia | The inability to recognize symbols, letters, or numbers traced on the skin
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| Agraphia | The inability to write due to a brain lesion (typically combined with aphasia)
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| Alexia | The inability to read or comprehend written language
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| Anosognosia | The denial or unawareness of one's illness; often associated with unilateral neglect
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| Aphasia | The inability to communicate or comprehend
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| Apraxia | The inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though no sensory or motor impairment
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| Astereognosis | The inability to recognize objects by sense of touch
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| Body Schema | Having an understanding of the body as a whole and the relationship of its parts to the whole
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| Constructional Apraxia | The inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs; person unable to visually analyze how to perform a task
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| Decerebrate Rigidity | Corticospinal lesion at brainstem resulting in extension of trunk and all extremities
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| Decorticate Rigidity | Corticospinal lesion at diencephalon resulting in trunk & LEs positioned in extension and UEs in flexion
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| Dysarthria | Slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other speech muscles
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| Dysphagia | Inability to properly swallow
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| Dysprosody | Impairment in the rhythm & inflection of speech
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| Emotional Lability | Characteristic of R hemisphere infarct; inability to control emotions & outbursts of inappropriate laughing or crying
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| Fluent Aphasia | Characteristic of receptive aphasia, speech produces functional output regarding articulation, but lacks content & is typically dysprosodic using neologistic jargon
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| Hemiparesis | Weakness one side of the body
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| Hemiplegia | Paralysis one side of the body
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| Homonymous Hemianopsia | Loss of the R or L half of the field of vision in both eyes
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| Ideational Apraxia | Inability to formulate an initial motor plan & sequence tasks where proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired
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| Ideomotor Apraxia | A person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it.
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| Neologim | Sustitution within a word so severe that it makes the word unrecognizable
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| Non-fluent Aphasia | Characteristic of expressive aphasia, speech is non-functional, effortful, and contains paraphasias. Writing also impaired.
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| Perseveration | State of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose
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| Paradoxical Breathing | a form of abnormal breathing that is common in tetraplegia where the abdomen rises and the chest is pulled inward during inspiration; on expiration the abdomen falls and chest expands
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| Tenodesis | Patients with tetraplegia that do not possess motor control for grasp can utilize the tight finger flexors in combination with wrist extension to produce a form of grasp
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