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Vocab Words to Know
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Barognosis | perceive the weight of different objects in the hand |
| Graphesthesia | Identify a number or letter drawn on the skin without visual input |
| Kinesthesia | Identify direction and extend of movement of a joint or body part |
| Stereognosis | Identify an object without sight (ex: identify paperclip blindfolded) |
| Allodynia | The sensation of pain in response to a stimulus that would not typically produce pain |
| Analgesia | Absence of pain while remaining conscious |
| Anesthesia | Absence of touch sensation |
| Causalgia | Constant, relentless, burning hyperesthesia and hyperaslesia that develops after a peripheral nerve injury |
| Dysesthesia | Distortion of any of the senses, especially the sense of touch |
| Hyperesthesia | Heightened sensation |
| Hyperpathia | An extreme exaggerated response to touch |
| Hypesthesia | Diminished sensation of touch |
| Neuralgia | severe and multiple shock-like pains that radiate from a specific nerve distribution |
| Pallanesthesia | Loss of vibration sense |
| Paresthesia | Abnormal sensations such as tingling, pins and needles or burning sensations |
| Tremor | Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to basal ganglia lesion. Can be resting, postural, or intention tremors |
| Tic | Sudden, brief, repetitive coordinated movements that usually occur at regular intervals. Can include vocalization of sounds. (ex: Tourette syndrome) |
| Chorea | Movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary - damage of caudate nucleus - like "fidgeting" |
| Dystonia | Sustained muscle contractions that frequently cause twisting, abnormal postures, and repetitive movements. |
| Athetosis | Slow, twisting, writhing movements with large amplitude. Found with many forms of cerebral palsy |
| Akinesia | Inability to initiate movement; commonly seen in Parkinson's |
| Asthenia | Generalized weakness; typically secondary to cerebellar pathology |
| Ataxia | Inability to perform coordinated movements |
| Clasp-knife response | a form of resistance seen during ROM of a hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement throughout rang |
| Cogwheel rigidity | A form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it; often see in Parkinson's |
| Dysdiadochokinesia | The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements |
| Dysmetria | Inability to control the ROM and force of muscular activity |
| Hemiballism | An involuntary & violent movement of a large body part |
| Lead pipe rigidity | A form of rigidity where there is uniform & constant resistance to ROM; often associated with basal ganglia lesion |
| Agnosia | The inability to interpret information |
| Agraphesthesia | The inability to recognize symbols, letters, or numbers traced on the skin |
| Agraphia | The inability to write due to a brain lesion (typically combined with aphasia) |
| Alexia | The inability to read or comprehend written language |
| Anosognosia | The denial or unawareness of one's illness; often associated with unilateral neglect |
| Aphasia | The inability to communicate or comprehend |
| Apraxia | The inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though no sensory or motor impairment |
| Astereognosis | The inability to recognize objects by sense of touch |
| Body Schema | Having an understanding of the body as a whole and the relationship of its parts to the whole |
| Constructional Apraxia | The inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs; person unable to visually analyze how to perform a task |
| Decerebrate Rigidity | Corticospinal lesion at brainstem resulting in extension of trunk and all extremities |
| Decorticate Rigidity | Corticospinal lesion at diencephalon resulting in trunk & LEs positioned in extension and UEs in flexion |
| Dysarthria | Slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other speech muscles |
| Dysphagia | Inability to properly swallow |
| Dysprosody | Impairment in the rhythm & inflection of speech |
| Emotional Lability | Characteristic of R hemisphere infarct; inability to control emotions & outbursts of inappropriate laughing or crying |
| Fluent Aphasia | Characteristic of receptive aphasia, speech produces functional output regarding articulation, but lacks content & is typically dysprosodic using neologistic jargon |
| Hemiparesis | Weakness one side of the body |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis one side of the body |
| Homonymous Hemianopsia | Loss of the R or L half of the field of vision in both eyes |
| Ideational Apraxia | Inability to formulate an initial motor plan & sequence tasks where proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired |
| Ideomotor Apraxia | A person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it. |
| Neologim | Sustitution within a word so severe that it makes the word unrecognizable |
| Non-fluent Aphasia | Characteristic of expressive aphasia, speech is non-functional, effortful, and contains paraphasias. Writing also impaired. |
| Perseveration | State of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose |
| Paradoxical Breathing | a form of abnormal breathing that is common in tetraplegia where the abdomen rises and the chest is pulled inward during inspiration; on expiration the abdomen falls and chest expands |
| Tenodesis | Patients with tetraplegia that do not possess motor control for grasp can utilize the tight finger flexors in combination with wrist extension to produce a form of grasp |
Created by:
munscand
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