Image Production and Evaluation
Help!
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| What are visibility factors for image quality? | Density/Brightness and Contrast/Gray Scale
(Saia, pg 298)
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| What are geometric factors for image quality? | Detail/Resolution and Distortion
(Saia, pg 298)
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| What are the exposure factors? | mA, time, kV, and distance
(Saia, pg 298)
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| What are the types of distortion? | Size distortion(magnification) and shape distortion (elongation/foreshortening)
(Saia, pg 298)
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| What are factors affecting recorded detail/resolution? | OID, SID, Focal spot size, patient factors, intensifying screens, motion
(Saia, pg 298)
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| What are factors affecting size distortion? | OID, SID
(Saia, pg 298)
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| What are factors affecting shape distortion? | alignment of x-ray tube, anatomic part, and IR
(Saia, pg 298)
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| When does subject/object unsharpness occur? | object shape does not coincide with the shape of x-ray beam, object plane is not parallel with x-ray tube or IR, anatomic objects of interest are not in the path of the CR, anatomic objects of interest are a distance from the IR
(Saia, pg 303)
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| How is unsharpness/blur related to focal spot size? | Directly
(Saia, pg 308)
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| How is unsharpness/blur related to SID? | Inversely
(Saia, pg 308)
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| True or False: the use of a small focal spot improves recorded detail? | True
(Saia, pg 308)
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| When is the anode heel affect most pronounced? | when using large IRs, short SIDs, and small anode angles
(Saia, pg 309)
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| How do we minimize voluntary motion? | good communication and suspended respiration
(Saia, pg 310)
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| How do we minimize involuntary motion? | short exposure time, part support and stabilization, special immobilization devices
(Saia, pg 310)
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| What are the rare earth phosphors? | Gadolinium, Lanthanum, Yttrium
(Saia, pg 311)
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| What is the greatest adversary of recorded detail? | motion
(Saia, pg 310)
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| As intensifying screen speed increases, what else increases? | x-ray tube life
(Saia, pg 313)
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| As intensifying screen speed increases, what decreases? | patient dose
(Saia, pg 313)
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| When is quantum mottle most likely to occur? | when using fast screens with low mAs and high kV
(Saia, pg 313)
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| True or False: Intensifying screens are unrelated to digital imaging? | True
(Saia, pg 313)
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| What is responsible for more than 98% of film emulsion exposure? | fluorescent light
(Saia, pg 313)
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| What is the reciprocity law? | Any combination of mA and exposure time that will produce a particular mAs, will produce identical image density
(Saia, pg 317)
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| What describes the amount of blackening on an x-ray image or part of the image? | Density
(Saia, pg 317)
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| What is directly proportional to the intensity/exposure rate/number of x-ray photons produced? | mAs
(Saia, pg 317)
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| What are the three things that x-ray photons can do within an anatomic part? | penetrate through the part, scatter through the part, be absorbed by the part
(Saia, pg 320)
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| What type of grids are there? | parallel or focused and stationary or moving
(Saia, pg 324)
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| What are some factors of filtration? | reduces patient skin dose, minimum 2.5 mm Al equivalent, inherent x added=total filtration, increases overall average energy of x-ray beam
(Saia, pg 330)
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| When do we use compensation filtration? | used for anatomic parts having very different thickness/absorption properties, used to 'balance' tissue densities; improves visualization of all tissues
(Saia, pg 330)
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| What are examples of additive pathologic conditions? | ascites, RA, Paget disease, PNM, atelectasis, CHF, edematous tissue
(Saia, pg 333)
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| What are examples of destructive pathologic condtions? | osteoporosis, osteomalacia, pneumoperitoneum, emphysema, degenerative arthritis, atrophic and necrotic conditions
(Saia, 333)
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| What is the function of contrast? | to make details visible
(Saia, pg 339)
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| True or False: Digital imaging significantly improves dynamic range and contrast resolution? | True
(Saia, pg 341)
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