Digestive System
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| What is Inflammation of the small intestine; caused by bacterial or protozoan organisms or by other environmental factor | Enteritis
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| What is inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin, involving any part of the GI tract; commonly involving the terminal ileum, with scarring and thickening of the bowel wall | Regional enteritis/Crohn's Disease
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| What is a common infection of the lumen of the small intestine that is caused by the flagellate protozoan which is spread by contaminated food and drink | Giardiasis
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| What is an obstruction of the small intestine | Ileus
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| Cessation of peristalsis. caused by infection, certain drugs, and postsurgical complications is what | Adynamic
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| What is Fairly common birth defect that is seen in the ileum of the small bowel | Meckel's Diverticulum
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| _____ means new growth, can be benign or malignant | Neoplasm
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| T/F Adenomas and leiomyomas are common benign tumors of the small intestine | True
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| T/F Lymphomas are the most common tumors of the small bowel | False
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| Type of malignant tumor that produce short and sharp napkin-ring defects within the lumen | Adenocarcinoma
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| Condition which patient’s GI tract is unable to process and absorb certain proteins and dietary fats is known as what | Sprue
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| Rare disorder of proximal small bowel that shows distorted loops of small intestine | Whipples Disease
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| What is the mAs of a PA Small bowel series | 4 mAs
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| Where do you center for a PA Small bowel series(15-30 minutes)? | 2” above Iliac Crest
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| Where is the centering point for a PA Small bowel(hourly)? | At the Iliac Crest
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| What is the kVp of a PA Small Bowel Series? | 125 kVp
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| Where is the CR for a PA Barium Enema? | At the Iliac Crest
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| What is the kV range for using single contrast? | 100-125 kV
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| What is the kV range for using double contrast? | 90-100 kV
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| Where is the CR of an RAO Barium Enema? | At the Iliac Crest and 1” left of the MSP
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| Where is the CR of an LAO Barium Enema? | 1-2” above Iliac Crest and 1” right of the MSP
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| Where is the CR of a RPO/LPO Barium Enema? | At Iliac Crest and lateral to elevated side of MSP
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| What is the mAs of a lateral decubitus barium enema? | 6 mAs
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| Central ray for a lateral decubitus barium enema is where? | At the iliac crest and MSP
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| State mAs for lateral rectum or ventral decubitus barium enema | 64 mAs
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| What is the CR of an AP axial barium enema? | 2” inferior ASIS and MSP
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| What is the angle for the AP axial BE? | 30-40 degrees
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| Where is the CR for an LPO axial BE? | 2” inferior ASIS and 2” medial ASIS
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| What is the mAs of a RAO projection BE? | 6 mAs
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| Where is the CR of RAO axial BE? | At ASIS and 2” left of Lumbar spinous process
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| Name 4 contraindications to laxative use prior to a BE? | Gross bleeding, severe diarrhea, obstruction, inflammatory conditions
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| What are types of classes of laxatives? | Cathartics, Purgatives, Irritant, Saline
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| An example of an Irritant is | Castor oil
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| Saline laxatives include | Magnesium Citrate or Magnesium Sulfate
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| T/F An Open System enema container is a pre-measured amount of barium sulfate in a disposable bag | False: Closed system
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| The normal range of weight-to-volume in a standard mixture of contrast is what? | 15-25%
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| Double contrast BE has a weight-to-volume concentration of what? | 75-95%
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| What is one way the large and small intestine are different? | Large intestine has larger internal diameter
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| T/F The small intestine contains many haustras. | False, Large intestine contains many haustras
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| Where is the large intestine located in the abdomen? | Around the periphery of abdominal wall
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| Where does the small intestine reside in the abdomen? | Located more central in the abdomen
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| Where does most of the digestion and absorption occur? | Small intestine
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| Where are most salts and 95% of water reabsorbed? | Small intestine
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| Name the primary function of the large intestine | Elimination of feces
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| What kind of function is digestion? | Chemical and Mechanical
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| What is taken up during absorption? | Nutrients, water, salts, and proteins
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| What is taken up during reabsorption? | Water and salts
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| Name 3 contraindications to contrasted studies of the intestinal tract. | Pre-surgery patients, possible perforation, bowel obstruction
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| What time intervals are used for radiographs for small bowels that lasts only 2 hours? | 15-30 minutes
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| What time intervals are used for radiographs for small bowels that last longer than 2 hours? | One hour intervals
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| What dilates the loops of small bowel while enhancing the mucosa visibility? | Double contrasted study
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| What does NPO mean? | Nothing by mouth
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| What is the patient prep for a small bowel exam? | NPO 8 hours beforehand
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| What is studied fluoroscopically at the end of the small bowel study? | Terminal ileum and ileocecal valve
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| To better see the loops of the bowel and create higher degree of visibility, what position should patient be in during small bowel exam? | Prone
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| What is the study that uses contrast to demonstrate the large intestine? | Barium Enema(BE)
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| Why isn’t a BE done when there is a chance of appendicitis? | Danger of possible perforation
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| Colitis is indicated how? | Thickening of mucosal wall and loss of haustral markings
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| Ulcerative colitis is indicated how? | “cobblestone” and possible “stovepipe” appearance
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| Diverticula is indicated how? | Barium filled circular defects projection outward from the colon wall, “saw tooth” appearance of the mucosa
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| How does Intussusception appear? | Mushroom shaped dilation at distal aspect of intussusception, very little barium or gas passing beyond it
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| How are neoplasms indicated? | Filling defects, narrowing of lumen, “apple-core” or “napkin-ring” lesions
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| What are the 2 purposes for a BE study? | Study the form and function
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| What modalities are used instead of a BE if appendicitis is present? | Ultrasound/CT
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| Duodenum is located in what quadrants? | LUQ and RUQ
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| Ileum is located in which quadrants? | LLQ, RUQ, RLQ
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| Jejunum is located in what quadrant? | LUQ, LLQ
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| Ileocecal valve is located in what quadrant? | RLQ
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| What makes up three fifths of the small intestine? | Ileum
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| How long is the Duodenum? | 10”
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| What part of the intestine has a feather appearance | Jejunum
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| What else is the right colic flexure also known as? | Hepatic Flexure
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| What else is the left colic flexure also known as? | Splenic Flexure
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| Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and descending colon? | Sigmoid Colon
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| Which part of the small intestine has the largest diameter? | Duodenum
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