chapter terms
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| amino acid | basic unit of a protein molecule.
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| antirejection | medication that prevents the body from rejection foreign solid organ transplants.
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| B Cell | antibody-producing lymphocyte involved in humoral immunity.
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| biologic-response modifiers | agents that alter the expression and response to surface antigens and enhance immune cell activities in ways that promote destruction of human malignancies.
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| cellular immunity | specific response to antigens that is medicated primarily by T lymphocytes and macrophages.
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| cloning | reproducing identical copies of a gene by DNA technology.
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| coagulant | replacement plasma protein that is necessary for blood coagulation.
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| colony-stimulanting factor | chemical that stimulates the bone marrow to produce blood cells.
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| complement | lipoproteins and globulins in blood plasma that react with the antigen-antibody complex.
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| complementary | describes nucleotide strands that twist around each other, with each nucleotide base paired up with its counterpart in the other strand.
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| cytoprotective agent | agent administered to reduce the side effects and toxicity of chemotherapy agents
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| denatured | disruption of the structure
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| diffuse tumor | cancerous growth that is widely distributed and is not localized
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| DNA sequence | order of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule
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| granulocyte colony-stimulating factor | agent thaqt stimulates the bone marrow to produce specific white cells.
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| hematologic agent | drug that acts on the blood and blood-forming organs.
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| humoral immunity | an immune response in which secreted antibodies are transported by bodily fluids.
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| immune response | the immune system's way of providing resistance to disease and malignancy through the production and antibodies and phagocytes
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| immunoglobulin | protein that responds to a specific antigen
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| lactated ringer's (LR) | a solution that is isotonic with blood and generally used for IV administration of medications
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| macrophage | large white blood cell that engulfs antigens, toxins, cellular debris, and digests it, and displays peptides complexed with MHC for recognition by T cells.
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| lymphatic system | network of vessels that carry lymph, the lymph nodes, and the lymphoid organs, including the tonsils, spleen, and thymus.
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| monoclonal antibody | an antibody produced in the laboratory by a culture derived from a single B cell
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| neoplastic disease | disorder that occurs when normal cellular control mechanism become altered.
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| nucleotide | basic unit of a DNA molecule, containing one of four possible bases.
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| opsonization | labeling antigenic material so that it is more readily identified and destroyed by macrophages
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| oral complications | tissue injury to the oral cavity associated with chemotherapy and radiation
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| plasma cell | a B cell that produces freely circulating antibody in very large quantities
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| plasmid | a small circular ring of DNA that can insert itself into bacterial genes and can carry genes from one bacterial cell to another
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| primary site | the original site where cancer s
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| promoter | the part of plasmid DNA where protein production starts
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| recombinant DNA | artificial DNA produced in a laboratory by inserting strands of DNA from one organism into that of another organism
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| remission | condition in which a tumor is inactive, with no cell division or growth.
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| replication | process of copying the DNA of a cell into a new set of DNA molecules to produce a new cell
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| resistance | lack of responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy
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| secondary site | a new cancer tumor site to which malignant cells shave spread from the original site
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| small lymphocyte | T and B memory cells, which carry and preserve information for the recognition of specific antigens.
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| solid tumor | a tumor that forms a solid mass and can be palpated.
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| T cell | lymphocyte that responds to antigens presented on the surface of other cells
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| terminator | the portion of plasmid DNA where protein production stops
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| transcription | the copying of information from a DNA strand onto a RNA strand.
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| translation | the process by which amino acids strung together to manufacture a protein
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