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Chapter 16
chapter terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| amino acid | basic unit of a protein molecule. |
| antirejection | medication that prevents the body from rejection foreign solid organ transplants. |
| B Cell | antibody-producing lymphocyte involved in humoral immunity. |
| biologic-response modifiers | agents that alter the expression and response to surface antigens and enhance immune cell activities in ways that promote destruction of human malignancies. |
| cellular immunity | specific response to antigens that is medicated primarily by T lymphocytes and macrophages. |
| cloning | reproducing identical copies of a gene by DNA technology. |
| coagulant | replacement plasma protein that is necessary for blood coagulation. |
| colony-stimulanting factor | chemical that stimulates the bone marrow to produce blood cells. |
| complement | lipoproteins and globulins in blood plasma that react with the antigen-antibody complex. |
| complementary | describes nucleotide strands that twist around each other, with each nucleotide base paired up with its counterpart in the other strand. |
| cytoprotective agent | agent administered to reduce the side effects and toxicity of chemotherapy agents |
| denatured | disruption of the structure |
| diffuse tumor | cancerous growth that is widely distributed and is not localized |
| DNA sequence | order of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule |
| granulocyte colony-stimulating factor | agent thaqt stimulates the bone marrow to produce specific white cells. |
| hematologic agent | drug that acts on the blood and blood-forming organs. |
| humoral immunity | an immune response in which secreted antibodies are transported by bodily fluids. |
| immune response | the immune system's way of providing resistance to disease and malignancy through the production and antibodies and phagocytes |
| immunoglobulin | protein that responds to a specific antigen |
| lactated ringer's (LR) | a solution that is isotonic with blood and generally used for IV administration of medications |
| macrophage | large white blood cell that engulfs antigens, toxins, cellular debris, and digests it, and displays peptides complexed with MHC for recognition by T cells. |
| lymphatic system | network of vessels that carry lymph, the lymph nodes, and the lymphoid organs, including the tonsils, spleen, and thymus. |
| monoclonal antibody | an antibody produced in the laboratory by a culture derived from a single B cell |
| neoplastic disease | disorder that occurs when normal cellular control mechanism become altered. |
| nucleotide | basic unit of a DNA molecule, containing one of four possible bases. |
| opsonization | labeling antigenic material so that it is more readily identified and destroyed by macrophages |
| oral complications | tissue injury to the oral cavity associated with chemotherapy and radiation |
| plasma cell | a B cell that produces freely circulating antibody in very large quantities |
| plasmid | a small circular ring of DNA that can insert itself into bacterial genes and can carry genes from one bacterial cell to another |
| primary site | the original site where cancer s |
| promoter | the part of plasmid DNA where protein production starts |
| recombinant DNA | artificial DNA produced in a laboratory by inserting strands of DNA from one organism into that of another organism |
| remission | condition in which a tumor is inactive, with no cell division or growth. |
| replication | process of copying the DNA of a cell into a new set of DNA molecules to produce a new cell |
| resistance | lack of responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy |
| secondary site | a new cancer tumor site to which malignant cells shave spread from the original site |
| small lymphocyte | T and B memory cells, which carry and preserve information for the recognition of specific antigens. |
| solid tumor | a tumor that forms a solid mass and can be palpated. |
| T cell | lymphocyte that responds to antigens presented on the surface of other cells |
| terminator | the portion of plasmid DNA where protein production stops |
| transcription | the copying of information from a DNA strand onto a RNA strand. |
| translation | the process by which amino acids strung together to manufacture a protein |
Created by:
joannacone
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